İslam düşüncesinde marifetu'n-nefs ve marifetullah ile ilişkisi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2026
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Marifetu'n-nefs yani kendini tanıma, tarih boyunca düşünürlerin dikkatini çeken; felsefi ve dinî öğretilerde merkezi bir konuma sahip olan bir ilkedir. Hikmet ve irfan ehli, ayetler ve hadisler ışığında "Kendini tanıyan, Rabb'ini tanır" prensibini temel alarak, marifetu'n-nefsi marifetullah'ın anahtarı olarak sunmuşlardır. Bu anlayışa göre insanın kendi hakikatini tanıması, Rabb'ine ulaşmanın en yakın, en doğru ve hatta tek yoludur. Kendini tanıma süreci, ruh, nefis, kalp ve akıl gibi emir âleminden 'halk âlemine uzanan farklı mertebeleri kapsayan; tecrübî, aklî, keşfî ve vahyî gibi âfâkî ve enfûsî yöntemleri içeren bir yolculuktur. Bu yolculuğun esası, nefsin tezkiyesi, kalbin kötü huylardan arındırılması, ilahî maarifle nurlandırılması ve Allah'tan gayrısından temizlenmesidir. Bu arınma, kişiyi sürekli bir teveccühle Allah'a yöneltir ve nihayet fenâ hâline ulaştırır. Bu mertebeye varan kişi, Allah'ın mutlak nur ve mutlak zahir olduğunu; her idrakinin ancak onun vasıtasıyla mümkün olduğunu; hatta kendini bile ancak onunla tanıyabileceğini kavrar. Bu kimse, kendisiyle Rabb'i arasında perde olmadığını; perdenin sadece kendi nefsi olduğunu anlar. Böylece tüm varlıkların fakr içinde bulunduğunu, yalnızca Allah'ın mutlak ganî ve kudret sahibi olduğunu idrak eder. Sonunda tüm kâinat ona ilahî ayetlerin tecellîgâhı olarak görünür. Bu çalışma, felsefî, irfanî ve dinî bir perspektifle, başka bir tabirle akıl ve vahiy penceresinden marifetu'n-nefsten maksadın ne olduğunu ve marifetullah ile ne tür bir ilişkisinin olduğunu araştırmaktadır. Araştırmanın çıkış noktası, marifetu'n-nefsin ontolojik, epistemolojik ve metafizik boyutları bulunan müstakil bir ilim dalı olduğudur. Çalışmamız marifetu'n-nefsi konu edinen sistematik bir araştırma olarak literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Marifetu'n-nefs, Marifetullah, Nefis, Ruh, Kalp, Akıl.
Maʿrifat al-nafs, that is, self-knowledge, is a principle that has attracted the attention of thinkers throughout history and has held a central position in philosophical, gnostic (ʿirfānī), and religious teachings. The people of wisdom and gnosis, based on the principle "Whoever knows himself/ his soul has known his Lord" derived from verses and hadiths, have presented maʿrifat al-nafs as the key to maʿrifat Allāh. According to this view, knowing one's own reality is the closest, most correct, and even the only path to reaching one's Lord. The process of self-knowledge is a journey that includes different levels extending from the realm of command to the realm of creation -such as the spirit, the soul, the heart, and the intellect- and outward and inward methods such as experiential, rational, unveiling (kashfī), and revelatory (waḥyī) approaches. The essence of this journey is the purification of the soul, the cleansing of the heart from bad morals, its illumination with divine knowledges, and its purification from all other-than-God. This purification continually turns the person toward God and ultimately leads to the state of fanāʾ. One who reaches this level realizes that God is the absolute Light and the absolute Manifest; that every act of cognition is possible only through Him; and that even self-knowledge is possible only through Him. He understands that there is no veil between himself and his Lord, and that the veil is only his own soul. Thus, he comprehends that all beings are in absolute poverty and that only God is the absolute Rich and Possessor of power. Finally, the whole cosmos appears to him as the locus of manifestation of divine signs. This is exactly the reality of maʿrifat al-nafs. For this purpose, the present study examines, from a philosophical, gnostic, and religious perspective -namely, through the lenses of intellect, witnessing (shuhūd), and revelation- what is meant by maʿrifat al-nafs and what kind of relationship it has with maʿrifat Allāh. The study is based on the premise that self-knowledge is an independent field with ontological, epistemological, and metaphysical dimensions. Accordingly, it aims to fill a significant gap in the literature through a thematic and systematic investigation of maʿrifat al-nafs. Keywords: Ma'rifat al-nafs, Ma'rifat Allāh, self-knowledge, soul, spirit, heart, intellect.
Maʿrifat al-nafs, that is, self-knowledge, is a principle that has attracted the attention of thinkers throughout history and has held a central position in philosophical, gnostic (ʿirfānī), and religious teachings. The people of wisdom and gnosis, based on the principle "Whoever knows himself/ his soul has known his Lord" derived from verses and hadiths, have presented maʿrifat al-nafs as the key to maʿrifat Allāh. According to this view, knowing one's own reality is the closest, most correct, and even the only path to reaching one's Lord. The process of self-knowledge is a journey that includes different levels extending from the realm of command to the realm of creation -such as the spirit, the soul, the heart, and the intellect- and outward and inward methods such as experiential, rational, unveiling (kashfī), and revelatory (waḥyī) approaches. The essence of this journey is the purification of the soul, the cleansing of the heart from bad morals, its illumination with divine knowledges, and its purification from all other-than-God. This purification continually turns the person toward God and ultimately leads to the state of fanāʾ. One who reaches this level realizes that God is the absolute Light and the absolute Manifest; that every act of cognition is possible only through Him; and that even self-knowledge is possible only through Him. He understands that there is no veil between himself and his Lord, and that the veil is only his own soul. Thus, he comprehends that all beings are in absolute poverty and that only God is the absolute Rich and Possessor of power. Finally, the whole cosmos appears to him as the locus of manifestation of divine signs. This is exactly the reality of maʿrifat al-nafs. For this purpose, the present study examines, from a philosophical, gnostic, and religious perspective -namely, through the lenses of intellect, witnessing (shuhūd), and revelation- what is meant by maʿrifat al-nafs and what kind of relationship it has with maʿrifat Allāh. The study is based on the premise that self-knowledge is an independent field with ontological, epistemological, and metaphysical dimensions. Accordingly, it aims to fill a significant gap in the literature through a thematic and systematic investigation of maʿrifat al-nafs. Keywords: Ma'rifat al-nafs, Ma'rifat Allāh, self-knowledge, soul, spirit, heart, intellect.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion, Felsefe
