Assessment of the effects of cervical stabilization exercises and proprioception training on balance and posture in individuals with forward head posture

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dc.contributor.authorOzalp, Muhammet
dc.contributor.authorTalu, Burcu
dc.contributor.authorKayabinar, Erdi
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:33:09Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:33:09Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground The increasing use of smartphones and other digital devices has contributed to a rise in forward head posture (FHP) among younger populations due to prolonged poor neck positioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cervical stabilization exercises (CSE) and cervical proprioception training (CPT) on FHP. Methods In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, where only the outcome assessors were blinded, 99 participants (aged 18-24) with FHP were randomly allocated into three groups: Group-I (n = 32), which received no exercises; Group-II (n = 34), which received CSE; and Group-III (n = 33), which received both CSE and CPT. Groups II and III performed the exercises three times per week for six weeks. The joint position error (JPE) test was used to assess proprioception, the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was used to evaluate posture, and the Stork and Y Balance tests were used to assess balance at baseline and after six weeks. Results: The study included 99 participants (mean age: 18.1-19.6 years; BMI: 21.4-23.1 kg/m(2)). Technology usage analysis revealed that 19.2% of participants reported > 7 h/day of phone use, while the majority (80.8%) used computers for <= 1 h/day. Significant group x time interactions were found for JPE (flexion/extension/rotation, p < 0.001), with Group III showing superior gains versus Group II and controls (p <= 0.001). Dynamic balance improved in intervention groups (p <= 0.04), and CVA increased significantly in Group II/III (p <= 0.03). Static balance improved over time (p < 0.001) but without intergroup differences. No sex-based effects were observed (p > 0.05) Conclusions The addition of CPT to CSE was found to be more effective than CSE alone in restoring proper proprioception and balance and in reducing poor posture in individuals with FHP.
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12891-025-09259-7
dc.identifier.issn1471-2474
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5623-8291
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2036-7745
dc.identifier.pmid41272563
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105023285003
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09259-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108964
dc.identifier.volume26
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001629037700001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBmc
dc.relation.ispartofBmc Musculoskeletal Disorders
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectBalance
dc.subjectCervical proprioception exercises
dc.subjectCervical stabilization exercises
dc.subjectForward head posture
dc.titleAssessment of the effects of cervical stabilization exercises and proprioception training on balance and posture in individuals with forward head posture
dc.typeArticle

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