Bazı tekstil boyalarının Drosophila melanogaster üzerine toksik ve genotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması
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Tarih
2006
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İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET Doktora Tezi BAZI TEKST L BOYALARININ DROSOPH LA MELANOGASTER ÜZER NE TOKS K VE GENOTOKS K ETK LER N N ARAŞTIRILMASI Lütfiye ÖZATA nönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı 87 + x sayfa 2006 Danışman: Doç. Dr. Elif YEŞ LADA Bu çalışmanın ilk bölümünde altı tane tekstil boyası (astrazon sarı GL-E, astrazon siyah FDL, chrocion kırmızı, chrocion sarı, remazol mavi, remazol kırmızı RR) ve tekstil fabrikası atık suyunun mutajenik ve rekombinojenik aktivitesi Drosophila kanat benek testi (somatik mutayon ve rekombinasyon testi, SMART) ile araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla standart çapraz (ST) ve promutajen ve prokarsinojenler için yüksek duyarlılıkla karakterize olan yüksek bioaktivasyon (YB) çaprazı kullanılmıştır. mwh (3- 0.3) ve flr3 (3-38.8) genleri için transheterozigot olan üç günlük larvalar test bileşiklerinin farklı konsantrasyonlardaki çözeltileri ile kronik olarak beslendi. Hayatta kalan larvaların pupaya geçişi ile beslenmeleri sonlandı ve kanat imaginal disklerinin somatik hücrelerinde indüklenen genetik değişiklikler kanat yüzeyinde mutant kolonların oluşmasına neden oldu. kili benekler mitotik rekombinasyon ile oluşturulurken nokta mutasyon, kromozom kırılması ve mitotik rekombinasyon tekli benekleri oluşturdu. Genel olarak bilinen mutajenler (etil metan sülfonat ve üretan) pozitif kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Tekstil boyalarının, tekstil atık suları ile EMS ve üretanın bütün konsantrasyonları hayatta kalış oranını azalttı. EMS ve üretan ST ve YB çaprazların her ikisinde de bütün benek tiplerinin sayısında artışa neden oldu. Üretan uygulanan YB çaprazdaki indüklenen benek sayısı ST çaprazdaki ile karşılaştırılınca oldukça yüksekti. Astrazon sarı GL-E, astrozon siyah FDL, chrocion kırmızı, chrocion sarı, remazol mavi, remazol kırmızı RR ile ST ve YB çaprazının uygulamaları tekli benek ve ikili beneklerin frekansındaki artış ile ortaya çıkan pozitif sonuçlar verdi. Chrocion kırmızı her iki çaprazda da yetersiz olarak değerlendirilen sonuçlar verdi. Tekstil atık suyu her iki çaprazda da tüm benek tiplerinin sayısını arttırdı ve YB çaprazda ST çapraza kıyasla daha genotoksikti. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında Drosophila melanogaster'in redükte glutatyon (GSH), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (Cat) ve glutatyon redüktaz (GR) ile glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST), aktivitelerinden oluşan antioksidan savunma sisteminin tekstil boyalarının maruziyetine karşı oldukça duyarlı olduğu görüldü. Bu parametrelerdeki değişiklikler oksidatif stresin varlığını ve Drosophila tarafından oksiradikallerin üretiminde bir artışın olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar boya ürünlerinin mutajenik etkilerini in vivo testlerde göstermek için yeteri kadar test edilmeden pazarlandığını belirten diğer çalışmalar ile uyumludur. Ayrıca tekstil boyalarının toksik ve genotoksik etkilerini ortaya koyan bu i çalışma diğer boyalar ve ekosisteme kontrolsüz olarak verilen diğer bazı genotoksik kirleticilerin belirlenmesinde bir belirteç olarak Drosophila melanogaster kanat benek testinin kullanılabileceğini öne sürmüştür. ANAHTAR KEL MELER: D.melanogaster, genotoksisite, SMART test, tekstil boyaları, tekstil atık suyu, oksidatif stres, antioksidan savunma sistemi. Ek: JPEG resim formatında 6 adet fotoğraf içeren JPEG dosyası. ii
ABSTRACT PhD. Thesis THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SOME TEXT LE DYE STUFFS ON THE Drosophila melanogaster Lütfiye ÖZATA Inonu University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology 87 + x pages 2006 Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elif YEŞ LADA In the first part of this study, six textile dyes namely Astrazon goldgelb GL-E, Astrazon schwarz FDL, Chrocion scarlet, Chrocion yellow, Remazol turquoise blue, remazol red RR and textile wastewater were evaluated for the mutagenic and recombinagenic effects using the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster (somatic mutation and recombination test, SMART). Two crosses were used, the standard cross (ST) and the improved high-bioactivation cross (HB) were used, the latter cross is characterised by a high sensitivity to promutagens and procarcinogens. Three-day-old larvae, transheterozygous for the multiple wing hairs (mwh, 3-0.3) and flare (flr3, 3- 38.8) genes, were chronically fed with different concentrations of test compounts. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae and the genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing?s imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Point mutation, chromosome breakage and mitotic recombination produce single spots; while twin spots are produced only by mitotic recombination. Commonly known mutagens (Ethyl methanesulfonate and urethane) were applied as positive controls. All concentrations of textile dyes and textile wastewater, Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and urethane caused a decrease in survival proportional to concentration used. EMS and urethane caused increase in the number of all types of spots in both standard and high-bioactivation crosses. Compared to ST crosses, the number of induced spots in the HB cross treated with urethane was considerably high. Treatment of the standard and the high-bioactivation crosses with Astrazon goldgelb GL-E, astrazon schwarz FDL, chrocion yellow, remazol turquoise blue and remazol red RR gave positive results, apparent from increase in the frequency of the single spots or tween spots. Chrocion scarlet gave inconsistent result in both crosses. Textile wastewater increased the number of all spots type in both crosses and proved to be more genotoxic in the HB cross than in the ST cross. In the a second part of this study, it was shown that the antioxidant defens parametres of D. melanogaster, including the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxid dismutse (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutatione reductase (GR) with glutatione S-tranferase (GST), were higly sensitive to textile dyes exposure. iii Changes of these parameters indicated that there was an increase in the production of oxyradicals by Drosophila and the presence of oxidative stress. The results confirm previous findings testing for their mutagenic effects that dye products are marketed without a sufficiently tested and that show mutagenic effects in vivo tests. And this study proved the genotoxicity and toxicity of these textile dyes, and suggested that further studies should be made on other dyes and some other toxic industrial pollutant discharges in ecosystems, using Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test as an indicator to monitor pollutant genotoxicity. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, SMART test, genotoxicity, textile dye, textile wastewater, antioxdant defenses, oksidative stress. iv
ABSTRACT PhD. Thesis THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SOME TEXT LE DYE STUFFS ON THE Drosophila melanogaster Lütfiye ÖZATA Inonu University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology 87 + x pages 2006 Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elif YEŞ LADA In the first part of this study, six textile dyes namely Astrazon goldgelb GL-E, Astrazon schwarz FDL, Chrocion scarlet, Chrocion yellow, Remazol turquoise blue, remazol red RR and textile wastewater were evaluated for the mutagenic and recombinagenic effects using the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster (somatic mutation and recombination test, SMART). Two crosses were used, the standard cross (ST) and the improved high-bioactivation cross (HB) were used, the latter cross is characterised by a high sensitivity to promutagens and procarcinogens. Three-day-old larvae, transheterozygous for the multiple wing hairs (mwh, 3-0.3) and flare (flr3, 3- 38.8) genes, were chronically fed with different concentrations of test compounts. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae and the genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing?s imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Point mutation, chromosome breakage and mitotic recombination produce single spots; while twin spots are produced only by mitotic recombination. Commonly known mutagens (Ethyl methanesulfonate and urethane) were applied as positive controls. All concentrations of textile dyes and textile wastewater, Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and urethane caused a decrease in survival proportional to concentration used. EMS and urethane caused increase in the number of all types of spots in both standard and high-bioactivation crosses. Compared to ST crosses, the number of induced spots in the HB cross treated with urethane was considerably high. Treatment of the standard and the high-bioactivation crosses with Astrazon goldgelb GL-E, astrazon schwarz FDL, chrocion yellow, remazol turquoise blue and remazol red RR gave positive results, apparent from increase in the frequency of the single spots or tween spots. Chrocion scarlet gave inconsistent result in both crosses. Textile wastewater increased the number of all spots type in both crosses and proved to be more genotoxic in the HB cross than in the ST cross. In the a second part of this study, it was shown that the antioxidant defens parametres of D. melanogaster, including the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxid dismutse (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutatione reductase (GR) with glutatione S-tranferase (GST), were higly sensitive to textile dyes exposure. iii Changes of these parameters indicated that there was an increase in the production of oxyradicals by Drosophila and the presence of oxidative stress. The results confirm previous findings testing for their mutagenic effects that dye products are marketed without a sufficiently tested and that show mutagenic effects in vivo tests. And this study proved the genotoxicity and toxicity of these textile dyes, and suggested that further studies should be made on other dyes and some other toxic industrial pollutant discharges in ecosystems, using Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test as an indicator to monitor pollutant genotoxicity. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, SMART test, genotoxicity, textile dye, textile wastewater, antioxdant defenses, oksidative stress. iv
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyokimya, Biochemistry, Biyoloji, Biology, Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
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WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Özata, L. (2006). Bazı tekstil boyalarının Drosophila melanogaster üzerine toksik ve genotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması. Yayımlanmış Doktora lisans tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
