Yargı kararları doğrultusunda iş kazalarında kusur tespitinin kriterleri
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET Yargı Kararları Doğrultusunda İş Kazalarında Kusur Tespitinin Kriterleri Amaç: Çalışmamızda "iş kazalarında kusur tespiti" gerekçe yapılarak Yargıtay'ın "bozma" kararların analizi yapılarak kusur tespitinde aranan kriterlerin neler olduğunu ortaya koymak ve doktrindeki eleştirileri de dikkate alarak; kusur tespitindeki hukuki uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde kullanmak üzere kriterler geliştirerek hem iş kazalarından kaynaklı yargılamalara hem de bilirkişilik yapan adli bilimlere katkı sağlamayı hedeflenmiştir. Materyal ve Metot: Yargıtay'ın son yıllara ait, kusur tespiti gerekçesi ile "bozma" kararı verdiği içtihatlar seçerek incelenmiştir. Kararların seçimi ise Yargıtay'ın resmi internet sayfası olan "https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/"den yapılmıştır. Karar seçiminde "iş kazalarında kusur" ifadesi ile tarama yapılmıştır. Sonuçlardan "onama" şeklindeki kararlar dışlanarak sadece "bozma" kararları veri olarak toplanmıştır. Bunların içinden de hatalı "kusur tespitleri" veri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: 2024 tarihinden önceki 10 yılına ait Yargıtay'ın iş kazasında hatalı kusur tespiti gerekçesi ile "bozma" kararı verdiği yayımlanmış içtihatlardan 15 adet hukuk dairelerine ait, 15 adette ceza dairelerine ait olmak üzere toplam 30 adet karar tespit edilerek olgu kabul edilmiştir. İş kazalarında kusur tespiti sadece "illiyet bağı" üzerinden yapılmadığı saptanmıştır. Her olayın doğası gereği birbirinden farklı olduğu için her kararında ortak kullandığı bir kriterler bütününe sahip olmadığı ancak dağınık olan kriterler toplanarak ortaklaşan 7 adet kriter tespit edilmiştir. Olgular bu kriterler üzerinden tartışılıp tezin sonuç kısmında yazılmıştır. Sonuç: İş kazalarında maddi olguya doğru uygulanmış hukuka uygun "kusur tespitinde kriterler" bakımda standartların geliştirilmesi adil yargılanma hakkına katkı sağlayacaktır. Hem mahkemeye hem de taraflara yol gösterici standartlar belirlenmek aynı zamanda iş kazalarının önlenmesine de büyük katkılar sunacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İş kazası, kusur, sorumluluk, maddi tazminat, manevi tazminat.
ABSTRACT Criteria for Determining Fault in Work Accidents in Line with Judicial Decisions Aim: In our study, we aimed to analyze the "overturning" decisions of the Court of Cassation based on the justification of "fault determination in work accidents" and to reveal the criteria sought in fault determination and to contribute to both the trials arising from work accidents and forensic sciences that act as experts by developing criteria to be used in the resolution of legal disputes in fault determination, taking into account the criticisms in the doctrine. Material and Method: The jurisprudences in which the Court of Cassation has given "overturning" decisions based on fault determination in recent years were selectively examined. The selection of decisions was made from the official website of the Court of Cassation, "https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/". In the selection of decisions, a search was made with the expression "fault in work accidents". Only the "overturning" decisions were collected as data by excluding the "upholding" decisions from the results. Among these, erroneous "fault determinations" were accepted as data. Findings: Among the published case law of the 10 years before 2024, in which the Supreme Court gave an "overturn" decision on the grounds of erroneous determination of fault in a work accident, a total of 30 decisions, 15 of which belong to civil chambers and 15 of which belong to criminal chambers, were determined and accepted as facts. It has been determined that fault determination in work accidents is not made only on the basis of "causality". Since each event is different from each other in nature, it is not possible to have a common set of criteria used in every decision, but the scattered criteria were collected and 7 common criteria were determined. The cases were discussed based on these criteria and written in the conclusion of the thesis. Conclusion: The development of standards in terms of "fault determination criteria" that are legally applied correctly to the material fact in work accidents will contribute to the right to a fair trial. Determining standards that guide both the court and the parties will also make great contributions to the prevention of work accidents. Keywords: Work accident, fault, liability, material compensation, moral compensation.
ABSTRACT Criteria for Determining Fault in Work Accidents in Line with Judicial Decisions Aim: In our study, we aimed to analyze the "overturning" decisions of the Court of Cassation based on the justification of "fault determination in work accidents" and to reveal the criteria sought in fault determination and to contribute to both the trials arising from work accidents and forensic sciences that act as experts by developing criteria to be used in the resolution of legal disputes in fault determination, taking into account the criticisms in the doctrine. Material and Method: The jurisprudences in which the Court of Cassation has given "overturning" decisions based on fault determination in recent years were selectively examined. The selection of decisions was made from the official website of the Court of Cassation, "https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/". In the selection of decisions, a search was made with the expression "fault in work accidents". Only the "overturning" decisions were collected as data by excluding the "upholding" decisions from the results. Among these, erroneous "fault determinations" were accepted as data. Findings: Among the published case law of the 10 years before 2024, in which the Supreme Court gave an "overturn" decision on the grounds of erroneous determination of fault in a work accident, a total of 30 decisions, 15 of which belong to civil chambers and 15 of which belong to criminal chambers, were determined and accepted as facts. It has been determined that fault determination in work accidents is not made only on the basis of "causality". Since each event is different from each other in nature, it is not possible to have a common set of criteria used in every decision, but the scattered criteria were collected and 7 common criteria were determined. The cases were discussed based on these criteria and written in the conclusion of the thesis. Conclusion: The development of standards in terms of "fault determination criteria" that are legally applied correctly to the material fact in work accidents will contribute to the right to a fair trial. Determining standards that guide both the court and the parties will also make great contributions to the prevention of work accidents. Keywords: Work accident, fault, liability, material compensation, moral compensation.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Adli Tıp, Forensic Medicine
