Damgalama kuramı bağlamında Türk romanı (1872- 1901)
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
"Damgalama Kuramı Bağlamında Türk Romanı (1872- 1901)" başlıklı çalışma, söz konusu romanları odağa alarak sosyolojik bir perspektifle ve karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme ile yorumlama imkânı sunmaktadır. Çalışma, Tanzimat'tan sonra, toplumun geleneksel bağlarının zayıfladığı ve modernleşme teşebbüslerinin çok yoğun hissedildiği bir dönemi kapsamaktadır. Toplumsal kod ve normların yeniden şekillendiği bu devirde; siyasi ve sosyal alanda aydınlar kurucu aktör olma mücadelesi verirken kurgu düzleminde ise anlatıcı yazar, tasavvur ettiği ideal yaşam tarzını ve insan tipini edebî metinlere yansıtma amacı taşır. Dolayısıyla dönem romanlarında, ahlaki değerler ve sosyal kaidelere göre toplumda kabul görüp onaylananlar ve reddedilip dışlananlar olmak üzere keskin bir ayrım görülür. Bu ayrım kurgusal metinlerde, söylem, tasvir, dil ve üslup aracılığıyla sürdürülür. Yani geleneksel toplumun ahlaki kaidelerinin ve normlarının belirlediği şablonlara uygunluk gösterenler, iyimser ve hoş görülü söylemlerle ele alınırken; bu şablonlara aykırı olanlara ise ön yargıyla yaklaşılır ve onlar damgalayıcı bir yaklaşımla kurguya taşınırlar. Toplumda ben ve öteki karşıtlığının nasıl yansıtıldığı ve ötekiler damgalanırken hangi ideolojiye, bakış açısına yaslanıldığının tespiti, bu çalışmanın temel konusu ve problemidir. Ayrıca çalışmada; edebî metinlerde damgalamanın anlatıcı yazar tarafından mı, roman kişileri aracılığıyla mı yoksa karakterlerin kendileri tarafından mı gerçekleştirildiğinin tespiti de yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bireyin diyalojik yapısının görmezden gelinmesi olarak da okunabilecek olan damgalamanın, roman değerlendirmelerinde yoğun etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. İki ana bölümden oluşan bu çalışmada; sosyal, sınıfsal, davranışsal ve görsel olarak toplumsal kabullerden geçemeyen bireylerin ezberlerle, kalıp yargılarla, genellemelerle ve ayrımcı tutumlarla nasıl damgalandıkları ve gözden düşürüldükleri gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Toplumsal normlara aykırı oldukları için toplumdan yalıtılanların, damgalanmalarına vesile olan özellikleriyle nasıl baş ettikleri, bu özelliklerini örtmek ya da kamufle etmek için nasıl bir çaba verdiklerinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca toplumda damgalanan bireylerin, damgalarını nasıl telafiye çalıştıkları da edebî metinler odağında ele alınmıştır.
The study titled "Turkish Novel in the Context of Stigmatisation Theory (1872- 1901)" offers the opportunity to interpret these novels with a sociological perspective and a comparative evaluation. The study covers a period after Tanzimat, when the traditional ties of the society were weakened and modernisation attempts were felt very intensely. In this period when social codes and norms were reshaped, intellectuals struggled to become founding actors in the political and social spheres, while in the plane of fiction, the narrator author aims to reflect the ideal lifestyle and human type he imagines in literary texts. Therefore, in the novels of the period, there is a sharp distinction between those who are accepted and approved in society according to moral values and social rules and those who are rejected and excluded. This distinction is maintained in fictional texts through discourse, depiction, language and style. In other words, those who conform to the templates determined by the moral rules and norms of traditional society are dealt with optimistic and tolerant discourses, while those who are contrary to these templates are approached with prejudice and they are carried into fiction with a stigmatising approach. The main subject and problem of this study is to determine how the opposition between self and other is reflected in society and which ideology and point of view is relied upon when stigmatising others. In addition, the study also tries to determine whether stigmatisation in literary texts is carried out by the narrator author, through the novel's characters or by the characters themselves. The intense effect of stigmatisation, which can also be read as ignoring the dialogical structure of the individual, has been observed in novel evaluations. In this study, which consists of twoaltı main chapters, it is tried to show how individuals who cannot pass social, class, behavioural and visual social acceptance are stigmatised and discredited by memorisation, stereotypes, generalisations and discriminatory attitudes. It is aimed to determine how those who are isolated from the society because they are contrary to social norms cope with the characteristics that lead to their stigmatisation and how they make an effort to cover or camouflage these characteristics. In addition, how individuals who are stigmatised in society try to compensate for their stigma is also discussed in the focus of literary texts.
The study titled "Turkish Novel in the Context of Stigmatisation Theory (1872- 1901)" offers the opportunity to interpret these novels with a sociological perspective and a comparative evaluation. The study covers a period after Tanzimat, when the traditional ties of the society were weakened and modernisation attempts were felt very intensely. In this period when social codes and norms were reshaped, intellectuals struggled to become founding actors in the political and social spheres, while in the plane of fiction, the narrator author aims to reflect the ideal lifestyle and human type he imagines in literary texts. Therefore, in the novels of the period, there is a sharp distinction between those who are accepted and approved in society according to moral values and social rules and those who are rejected and excluded. This distinction is maintained in fictional texts through discourse, depiction, language and style. In other words, those who conform to the templates determined by the moral rules and norms of traditional society are dealt with optimistic and tolerant discourses, while those who are contrary to these templates are approached with prejudice and they are carried into fiction with a stigmatising approach. The main subject and problem of this study is to determine how the opposition between self and other is reflected in society and which ideology and point of view is relied upon when stigmatising others. In addition, the study also tries to determine whether stigmatisation in literary texts is carried out by the narrator author, through the novel's characters or by the characters themselves. The intense effect of stigmatisation, which can also be read as ignoring the dialogical structure of the individual, has been observed in novel evaluations. In this study, which consists of twoaltı main chapters, it is tried to show how individuals who cannot pass social, class, behavioural and visual social acceptance are stigmatised and discredited by memorisation, stereotypes, generalisations and discriminatory attitudes. It is aimed to determine how those who are isolated from the society because they are contrary to social norms cope with the characteristics that lead to their stigmatisation and how they make an effort to cover or camouflage these characteristics. In addition, how individuals who are stigmatised in society try to compensate for their stigma is also discussed in the focus of literary texts.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Anahtar Kelimeler
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
