Ahameniş Dönemi yazıtları ve Persler
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Persler hakkında bilinen ilk kayıtlara Asurlulara ait MÖ 844 tarihli kitabelerde rastlanılmaktadır. Bu belgelerde Parsu olarak bahsedilen Persler Urmiye Gölü etrafında Medler ile birlikte bulunmuşlar, uzun bir süre Med hâkimiyetinde yaşamışlardır. Med kralı Astyages'in kızı ile I.Kambyses'in (M.Ö. 590-559) evliliğinden doğan ve daha sonraları 'büyük' ünvanını alacak olan II. Kyros, Persleri İmparatorluğa dönüştüren ve MÖ 558'de dağılma emareleri gösteren hanedanlığı toplayan isim olmuştur. II. Kyros, Mısır hariç bütün Yakındoğu'yu fethederek gücünü Orta Asya'ya kadar yaymıştır. Mısır da, II. Kyros'un oğlu II. Kambyses (M.Ö. 530-522) tarafından imparatorluk topraklarına katılmıştır. Onun halefi olan I.Dareios'un (M.Ö. 522- 486) iç isyanları bastırıp Pers egemenliğini daha da büyüttüğü ve hanedanın MÖ 331'de Büyük İskender tarafından yıkılana kadar hüküm sürmesini sağlayan yapıyı kurduğu bilinmektedir. Geniş bir İmparatorluğa sahip olan Ahameniş kralları, güçleri ve büyüklükleriyle uyumlu büyük anıtlar kurdurmuşlardır. Günümüzde bu anıtlardan geriye başkentlerde görülen saray harabeleri, mezarlar, kabartmalar ve yazıtlar kalmıştır. Uzun yıllar bu anıt ve yazıtlarla ilgili bilgisiz kalınmış ancak, XIX. yüzyılda yapılan bilimsel kazılar sonucunda kalıntıların ortaya çıkarılmasıyla bu konu aydınlanmaya başlamıştır. Ahameniş döneminden kalan anıtların tarihleri kesin bir şekilde tespit edilememiş bu nedenle ait oldukları hükümdarların zamanına göre tarihlenmiştir. Perslerin kullandığı yazılar uzun çabalar sonucunda çözülmüş ve bu konuda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Yazıtlar, imparatorluk sınırlarına ilişkin kullanışlı bir satrap listesi içermekte, dönem hakkında bilgi verdiği gibi Pers dili hakkında da oldukça önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İran, Ahameniş, Yazıt, Pers
The first known records about Persian were found in Assyrian's inscriptions which were dated in 844 BC. In these documents, Persians mentioned as Parsu, resided around Urmiye Lake with Meds. They lived under Med's domination for a long time. II. Kyros was the name, that was born of the Med king's daughter Astyasges and I. Kambyses's marriage, and then get name of "Great", converted the Persians to empire and gathered the dynasties which was shown dissolution signs in 558 BC. Kyros spread his power up to Central Asia by conquering the whole Near East except Egypt. Egypt was also joined to the empire territory by Kyros's son, Kambyses. His successor, I. Dareios was known as who suppressed the internal rebellion and enlarged the Persian's sovereignty and built the structure which provides the reign of dynasty until its demolition by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. The Ahamenis Kings who had a large empire, built great monuments that were consequent with their power and greatness. Today, palace ruins, graves, reliefs and inscriptions which are seen in capitals, are remained from these monument. For many years, there is no information about these monuments and inscriptions, but the subject was brightened when the ruins were uncovered by scientific excavation in 19th century. The dates of the monuments that were remained period of Ahamenis, weren't identified precisely therefore they were date on their emperors. The inscriptions used by Persians ere solved as a result of long efforts and lots of studies are made about this subject. The inscriptions gave information about their epoch owing to empire borders and useful satrap list and also crucial for Persian Language. Keywords: Iran, Ahamenis, Inscription, Persian
The first known records about Persian were found in Assyrian's inscriptions which were dated in 844 BC. In these documents, Persians mentioned as Parsu, resided around Urmiye Lake with Meds. They lived under Med's domination for a long time. II. Kyros was the name, that was born of the Med king's daughter Astyasges and I. Kambyses's marriage, and then get name of "Great", converted the Persians to empire and gathered the dynasties which was shown dissolution signs in 558 BC. Kyros spread his power up to Central Asia by conquering the whole Near East except Egypt. Egypt was also joined to the empire territory by Kyros's son, Kambyses. His successor, I. Dareios was known as who suppressed the internal rebellion and enlarged the Persian's sovereignty and built the structure which provides the reign of dynasty until its demolition by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. The Ahamenis Kings who had a large empire, built great monuments that were consequent with their power and greatness. Today, palace ruins, graves, reliefs and inscriptions which are seen in capitals, are remained from these monument. For many years, there is no information about these monuments and inscriptions, but the subject was brightened when the ruins were uncovered by scientific excavation in 19th century. The dates of the monuments that were remained period of Ahamenis, weren't identified precisely therefore they were date on their emperors. The inscriptions used by Persians ere solved as a result of long efforts and lots of studies are made about this subject. The inscriptions gave information about their epoch owing to empire borders and useful satrap list and also crucial for Persian Language. Keywords: Iran, Ahamenis, Inscription, Persian
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Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
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Künye
Muslu, Gül Z. (2019). Ahameniş Dönemi yazıtları ve Persler .İnönü Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 105 s. Malatya.
