Hepatocellular carcinoma arising from ectopic liver tissue: a systematic review of the literature
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2026
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Ectopic liver tissue (ELT) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by hepatic parenchyma located outside the native liver. In this systematic review, 55 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising from ELT were identified through a literature search performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251084866). The median age was 61 years (IQR: 52-68), and 65.5% were male. Hepatitis B and C were present in 26.5% cases. The most common tumor locations were the subphrenic (n = 11), peritoneal (n = 7), retroperitoneal (n = 6), and pancreatic (n = 6) regions. Solitary tumors were reported in 78.2% of cases, with a median tumor size of 71 mm (IQR: 36.5-100). AFP was elevated in 74.4% of patients, and AFP-L3 (100%) and PIVKA-II (72.7%) were elevated in most tested cases. Immunohistochemistry frequently showed positivity for HepPar-1 (88.6%), glypican-3 (81.3%), and arginase-1 (87.5%). Surgical resection was the primary treatment modality, and in addition, transarterial chemoembolization, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been used as therapeutic options. The median follow-up was 17 months (IQR: 12-36), during which 85.4% of patients were alive. Distant metastasis occurred in 18.6% of cases, and local recurrence in 6.7%. In conclusion, ectopic HCC is a rare tumor entity with variable clinical presentations. Despite limited classical risk factors, surgical resection remains associated with a favorable prognosis. Histopathological confirmation is essential for diagnosis, and multimodal treatment strategies should be considered for advanced disease.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
ablation therapy, biochemical biomarkers, diagnostic modalities, ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma, ectopic liver tissue, immunohistochemical biomarkers, surgical resection
Kaynak
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
WoS Q Değeri
Q3
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
Cilt
38
Sayı
3
