Bizans Devleti'nde teslis tartışmaları
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Günümüzde milyonlarca mensubu bulunan Hristiyanlık henüz yayılmaya başladığı dönemde bile birçok tartışmaya konu olmuştur. Tartışılan konuların başında da teslis anlayışı gelmektedir. Bugün dahi İsa'nın mahiyeti, Kutsal Ruh' un diğer iki uknum ile ilişkisi, Baba'nın Oğul ile ilişkisi tartışılan konulardandır. Bilindiği üzere Hristiyan inancı teslis imanı üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Tanrı'nın üç kişiden yani Baba, Oğul ve Kutsal Ruh' tan oluştuğunu ifade eden teslis Hristiyanlığın ilk asırlarından itibaren tartışılan bir mevzu olmuştur. Hristiyanlık içinde teslisi benimseyenler olduğu gibi eleştiren ve karşı çıkan topluluklarda olmuştur. Öte yandan kabul edenler içinde Baba, Oğul ve Kutsal Ruh 'un mahiyeti, birbirleri ile ilişkisi noktasında farklı inanç sistemi geliştirenlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu durum din içerisinde mezheplerin ve akımların çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Roma imparatorluğunun Hristiyanlığı,381'de resmi dini kabul etmesinden sonra imparatorlar bu tartışmalara müdahil olmuştur. Roma imparatorları yaşanan tartışmalara son vermek amacıyla konsiller tertip etmişlerdir. İmparatorların bu dini konulara müdahale etmelerinin nedeni tamamen siyasidir. Zira imparatorlar kilise içerisinde birliği sağladıklarında imparatorluktaki siyasi birliğinde sağlanacağına inanmışlardır. Bu nedenle 324 İznik Konsilini, 381'de İstanbul Konsilini, 431-449 yıllarında Efes Konsillerini, 451'de ise Kadıköy Konsilini, diğer asırlarda da birçok yerel ve genel konsil toplamışlardır. Bu toplantılarda Hristiyan inanç akideleri belirlenmekle birlikte günümüz teslis anlayışı da şekillenmiştir. Öte yandan Roma imparatorluğu içerisinde yaşanan bu tartışmalar ve tartışmalara son vermek için atılan yanlış adımlar Hristiyanlıkta birçok bölünmeye sebep olmuştur. Tartışmalar İmparatorluğu askeri ve siyasi açıdan zor durumda bırakmıştır. Çünkü yaşanan bu tartışmalar İmparatorluğun doğu da güç kaybetmesine ve topraklarının işgal edilmesine neden olmuştur. İmparatorluk yönetiminin baskıcı politikasından dolayı Doğudaki monofizit Hristiyanlar başlangıçta Sasanilerin daha sonraki süreçte Müslümanların imparatorluk topraklarında ilerleyişlerinde güç kullanmamaları nedeniyle etkili olmuşlardır.
Christianity, which today has millions of adherents, has been the subject of much controversy even at the beginning of its spread. One of the most controversial issues is the understanding of the Trinity. Even today, the nature of Jesus, the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the other two Persons, the relationship of the Father to the Son are topics of debate. As is well known, the Christian faith is based on the belief in the Trinity. Trinitarianism, which states that God consists of three persons, namely the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, has been a subject of debate since the first centuries of Christianity. There have been communities within Christianity that have embraced the Trinity as well as those that criticized and opposed it. On the other hand, among those who accept, there are those who have developed different belief systems regarding the nature of the father, the son and the holy spirit and their relationship with each other. This situation leads to the emergence of sects and movements within the religion.^ After the Roman Empire adopted Christianity as its official religion in 381, the emperors became involved in these debates. Roman emperors organized councils to put an end to the disputes. The reason why the emperors intervened in these religious matters was purely political. This is because the emperors believed that if they achieved unity within the church, political unity in the empire would also be achieved. For this reason, they convened the Council of Nicaea in 324, the Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431-449, the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and many other local and general councils in other centuries. In these meetings, Christian beliefs were determined and the modern understanding of the Trinity was also shaped. On the other hand, these debates within the Roman Empire and the missteps taken to put an end to these debates caused many divisions in Christianity. The debates put the Empire in a difficult situation militarily and politically. Because these debates caused the Empire to lose power in the east and its lands to be occupied. Due to the oppressive policy of the imperial administration, the monophysite Christians in the East were initially influential in the advance of the Sassanids and later the Muslims in the imperial territories because they did not use force.
Christianity, which today has millions of adherents, has been the subject of much controversy even at the beginning of its spread. One of the most controversial issues is the understanding of the Trinity. Even today, the nature of Jesus, the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the other two Persons, the relationship of the Father to the Son are topics of debate. As is well known, the Christian faith is based on the belief in the Trinity. Trinitarianism, which states that God consists of three persons, namely the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, has been a subject of debate since the first centuries of Christianity. There have been communities within Christianity that have embraced the Trinity as well as those that criticized and opposed it. On the other hand, among those who accept, there are those who have developed different belief systems regarding the nature of the father, the son and the holy spirit and their relationship with each other. This situation leads to the emergence of sects and movements within the religion.^ After the Roman Empire adopted Christianity as its official religion in 381, the emperors became involved in these debates. Roman emperors organized councils to put an end to the disputes. The reason why the emperors intervened in these religious matters was purely political. This is because the emperors believed that if they achieved unity within the church, political unity in the empire would also be achieved. For this reason, they convened the Council of Nicaea in 324, the Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431-449, the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and many other local and general councils in other centuries. In these meetings, Christian beliefs were determined and the modern understanding of the Trinity was also shaped. On the other hand, these debates within the Roman Empire and the missteps taken to put an end to these debates caused many divisions in Christianity. The debates put the Empire in a difficult situation militarily and politically. Because these debates caused the Empire to lose power in the east and its lands to be occupied. Due to the oppressive policy of the imperial administration, the monophysite Christians in the East were initially influential in the advance of the Sassanids and later the Muslims in the imperial territories because they did not use force.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion, Tarih
