Ateizmin İslam düşüncesindeki karşılığı: Dehriyye
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Arapçada "mutlak zaman" anlamına gelen dehr kökünden türetilen Dehriyye kavramı, İslâm düşüncesinde ateist ve materyalist eğilimleri nitelemek için kullanılmaktadır. İslâm düşünce tarihi içerisinde Aristo felsefesini temel almış olan Meşşâiyye hareketi veya mistik tecrübeyi temel alan İşrâkiyye hareketi gibi sistemleşmiş bir Dehriyye akımının teşekkül etmemiş oluşu, bu konunun tarihi açıdan ele alınmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. İslâm tarihi içerisinde gelişen ilhâd hareketleri ve aldıkları şiddetli tepkiler Dehriyye kavramı için yapılmış olan tanımları yer yer genişletmiş ve sınırlarını belirsiz kılmıştır. Ayrıca inkâra yol açabileceği düşüncesiyle materyalist olmayan bazı görüşler de dehrî olarak kabul edilmiştir. Kaynaklarda ayırt edici bir Dehriyye tanımından ziyade bir kişiyi veya düşünceyi dehrî saymaya yetecek tanımlar bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda bu belirsizliği giderebilmek amacıyla öncelikle ateizm kavramına değinilmiştir. Daha sonra ateizmin tarihi, felsefe dönemlerine uygun biçimde Antik Çağ, Orta Çağ, Yeni Çağ ve Modern Çağ olmak üzere dört başlık altında incelenmiştir. Ateizmi anlattıktan sonra Dehriyye ve dehrî kavramları, İslâm ve Pehlevî literatürlerine göre incelenmiştir. Dehrî kavramının klasik ve modern kaynaklarca nasıl ele alındığı incelenerek dehrî dini grup ve mezhepler tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak tespit edilen dini grup ve mezhepler hakkında, İslâm mezhepleri tarihi ilkelerine uygun olarak bilgiler verilmiş bu grupların Dehriyye ile ilişkilerine değinilmiştir.
The concept of Dahriyya, derived from the Arabic root dahr meaning "absolute time" is used in Islamic thought to denote atheistic and materialistic tendencies. The fact that no systematic Dahriyya movement has emerged within the history of Islamic thought, such as the Mashsha'iyya movement based on Aristotelian philosophy or the Ishr?qiyyun movement based on mystical experience, makes it difficult to examine it from a historical perspective. The heretical movements that developed within Islamic history and the violent reactions they received have, in places, broadened the definitions made for the concept of Dahriyya and made its boundaries unclear. Furthermore, some non-materialist views have also been regarded as dahrî on the grounds that they were thought to lead to denial. Rather than a distinctive definition of Dahriyya in the sources, there are definitions sufficient to consider a person or a thought as dahrî. In order to eliminate this uncertainty in our study, we first addressed the concept of atheism. Subsequently, the history of atheism was examined under four headings, corresponding to the philosophical periods: Antiquity, the Middle Age, the Early Modern Age, and the Modern Age. After explaining atheism, the concepts of Dehriyye and dehrî were examined according to Islamic and Pahlavi literature. The treatment of the concept of dahrî in classical and modern sources was examined, and dahrî religious groups and sects were identified. Finally, information about the identified religious groups and sects is provided in accordance with the principles of the history of Islamic sects, and their relationship with Dahriyya is discussed.
The concept of Dahriyya, derived from the Arabic root dahr meaning "absolute time" is used in Islamic thought to denote atheistic and materialistic tendencies. The fact that no systematic Dahriyya movement has emerged within the history of Islamic thought, such as the Mashsha'iyya movement based on Aristotelian philosophy or the Ishr?qiyyun movement based on mystical experience, makes it difficult to examine it from a historical perspective. The heretical movements that developed within Islamic history and the violent reactions they received have, in places, broadened the definitions made for the concept of Dahriyya and made its boundaries unclear. Furthermore, some non-materialist views have also been regarded as dahrî on the grounds that they were thought to lead to denial. Rather than a distinctive definition of Dahriyya in the sources, there are definitions sufficient to consider a person or a thought as dahrî. In order to eliminate this uncertainty in our study, we first addressed the concept of atheism. Subsequently, the history of atheism was examined under four headings, corresponding to the philosophical periods: Antiquity, the Middle Age, the Early Modern Age, and the Modern Age. After explaining atheism, the concepts of Dehriyye and dehrî were examined according to Islamic and Pahlavi literature. The treatment of the concept of dahrî in classical and modern sources was examined, and dahrî religious groups and sects were identified. Finally, information about the identified religious groups and sects is provided in accordance with the principles of the history of Islamic sects, and their relationship with Dahriyya is discussed.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion
