Zemahşerî ve Fahreddin er-Râzî'nin Allah'a dair müteşâbih lafızlara yaklaşımlarının mukayesesi
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2022
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İnönü Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'in anlaşılmasında yaşanan ihtilaf sebeplerinden biri de şüphesiz; 'müteşâbih ifadeler' gibi metinden kaynaklanan etkenler olmuştur. Örneğin Yüce Allah'ın sıfatları özelindeki bazı müteşâbihlerin zâhir anlamı, tevhit inancını zedeleyebilecek mânalar da barındırdığı için muhkem âyetler veya harici deliller ile te'vil edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede Mezhebî aidiyetin ve ön kabullerin de etkisiyle; müteşâbih ifadelerin varlığı, tespiti, sayısı ve te'vil imkânı gibi konular güncelliğini koruyarak tartışılmış, böylece görüş ayrılıkları derinleşmiştir. Öyle ki müteşâbih hakkında yapılan tanımlardan yorumlara, müteşâbihlerin tespit kriterlerinden Kur'ân'daki hikmetlerine kadar birçok meselenin de mezhebî fikirlerden bağımsız olduğunu söylemek neredeyse imkânsız olmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda müteşâbih ve ilgili kavramların sözlük anlamları incelendikten sonra tartışmalı olan bu konular ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra Mu'tezilî müfessir Zemahşerî'nin el-Keşşâf ve Eş'arî müfessir Râzî'nin Mefâtîḥu'l-ġayb isimli tefsirlerinde Allah'ın sıfatları ile ilgili bazı müteşâbih ifadelere ve rü'yetullah meselesine teorik yaklaşımları ve getirdikleri yorumlar mukayese edilmiştir. Her iki müfessirimizin de taşıdıkları tenzih hassasiyetinden dolayı Allah'ın sıfatları ile ilgili müteşâbihler hakkında birbirilerine yakın yorumlar getirseler de ön kabullerin etkisiyle rü'yetullah konusunda ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda yeri geldikçe müfessirlerimizin yorumlarını etkileyen kelâmi ve mezhebî arka plana da değinilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kur'ân, Tefsir, Müteşâbih, Te'vil, Rü'yetullah, Tenzih
One of the reasons for the conflict in the understanding of the Qur'an is; There were factors originating from the text such as 'mutashabih expressions'. For example, the apparent meaning of some mutashabihs specific to the attributes of Almighty Allah has been interpreted with muhkam verses or external proofs because they contain meanings that may damage the belief in tawhid. In this context, with the effect of sectarian belonging and presuppositions; Issues such as the existence, determination, number and possibility of interpretation of mutashabih expressions were discussed keeping up-to-date, thus the differences of opinion. So much so that it has been almost impossible to say that many issues, from definitions about mutashabih to interpretations, from the criteria for determining mutashabihs to their wisdom in the Qur'an, are independent of sectarian ideas. In this context, after examining the dictionary meanings of mutashabih and related concepts in our study, these controversial issues are discussed. In this context, after examining the dictionary meanings of mutashabih and related concepts in our study, these controversial issues are discussed. Later, the theoretical approaches and interpretations of some mutashabih statements about the Attributes of Allah and the issue of vision in Mu'tazili tafsir Zamakhshari's al-Kashshaf and Ash'ari tafsir Razi's tafsir called Mefâtîḥu'l-ġayb were compared. Even though both of our commentators made close comments about the mutashabihs related to the attributes of Allah due to the sensitivity of transcendence they had, they disagreed on the issue of rü'yetullah under the influence of pre-acceptances. In this context, the theological and sectarian background, which affects the interpretations of our commentators, is also mentioned. Keywords: The Qur'an, Tafsir, Mutesabih, Ta'vil, Ru'yetullah, Tanzih
One of the reasons for the conflict in the understanding of the Qur'an is; There were factors originating from the text such as 'mutashabih expressions'. For example, the apparent meaning of some mutashabihs specific to the attributes of Almighty Allah has been interpreted with muhkam verses or external proofs because they contain meanings that may damage the belief in tawhid. In this context, with the effect of sectarian belonging and presuppositions; Issues such as the existence, determination, number and possibility of interpretation of mutashabih expressions were discussed keeping up-to-date, thus the differences of opinion. So much so that it has been almost impossible to say that many issues, from definitions about mutashabih to interpretations, from the criteria for determining mutashabihs to their wisdom in the Qur'an, are independent of sectarian ideas. In this context, after examining the dictionary meanings of mutashabih and related concepts in our study, these controversial issues are discussed. In this context, after examining the dictionary meanings of mutashabih and related concepts in our study, these controversial issues are discussed. Later, the theoretical approaches and interpretations of some mutashabih statements about the Attributes of Allah and the issue of vision in Mu'tazili tafsir Zamakhshari's al-Kashshaf and Ash'ari tafsir Razi's tafsir called Mefâtîḥu'l-ġayb were compared. Even though both of our commentators made close comments about the mutashabihs related to the attributes of Allah due to the sensitivity of transcendence they had, they disagreed on the issue of rü'yetullah under the influence of pre-acceptances. In this context, the theological and sectarian background, which affects the interpretations of our commentators, is also mentioned. Keywords: The Qur'an, Tafsir, Mutesabih, Ta'vil, Ru'yetullah, Tanzih
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Kur'ân, Müteşâbih, Rü'yetullah
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İşeri, A. (2022). Zemahşerî ve Fahreddin er-Râzî'nin Allah'a dair müteşâbih lafızlara yaklaşımlarının mukayesesi. İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
