Erken dönem Osmanlı şehirleşmesi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
"Erken Dönem Osmanlı Şehirleşmesi" başlıklı tezimde genel manada üzerinde çalıştığım şehirlerin şekillenmesini zamansal olarak Osmanlı Devleti'nin kuruluşundan Fatih Sultan Mehmet Dönemi'ne kadar sınırlandırdım. Mekân olarak Anadolu'da ve Balkanlarda Osmanlı şehirleşmesi üzerinde durdum. Karacahisar ile başlayan Osmanlı şehirleşmesi her dönemde gelişerek mütemadiyen devam etmiştir. Fethedilen şehirler birer Osmanlı şehrine dönüştürülerek sonraki fetihler için üs olarak kullanılmıştır. Şehirler özellikle vakıf ve imaret sistemi gibi sosyal kurumlara bağlı olarak bir Cuma Cami ve bir pazar etrafında gelişerek dışa doğru açılmıştır. Cami, pazar ve imaret gibi yapılar şehrin büyüklüğüne göre sayı olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Cami, pazar ve imaretin yanı sıra hamam, kervansaray, zaviye, tekke gibi farklı ihtiyaçları karşılayan yapılar inşa edilerek şehirler imar edilirdi. Bu yapılarla şehir, kültürel olarak dönüştüğünü göstermekle beraber siyasi olarak da farklı bir hâkimiyete girildiğini gösterirdi. Yapılan fetihlere katılan fatihler, dervişler ve devletin bazı bürokratlarınca kurulan vakıflar sayesinde halkın çeşitli ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması suretiyle şehirler şekillenmiştir. Fethedilen yerlerdeki en büyük dini yapının camiye tahvil (çevrilme) edilmesiyle başlayan dönüşüm, boş olan mülklerin iskâna açılması ve halkın ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek yeni sosyal yapıların inşasıyla devam etmiştir. Osmanlılar bir şehri tahrip etmek gayesiyle fethetmezler. Daha ziyade şehirleri ihya etmek için fethederlerdi. Şehirlerin her biri aynı prensiple dünyayı güzelleştirmek ve şekillendirmek prensibiyle vücuda getirilmiştir. Anadolu'da Karacahisar'ın fethiyle başlayan şekillenme, Karesioğullarının hâkimiyet altına alınmasından sonra Balkanlar'a da taşınmış ve burada kalıcılığın sembolü olan yapılar inşa edilerek devam etmiştir. Bu bakımdan bu yapılanma ile Osmanlı-Türk, Türk-İslam kültürü Balkanlara da taşınarak burada yaşatılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti vakıflar aracılığıyla halkın her türlü ihtiyaçları göz önünde bulundurularak bir başka deyişle Osmanlı şehirleri realite göz önünde tutularak vücuda getiriliyor. Anahtar Kelimeler: şehirleşme, vakıf, imaret, cuma cami, pazar, iskân.
In my thesis titled "Early Ottoman Urbanization", I limited the shaping of the cities in general to the period of Mehmet the Conqueror which I worked on, from the establishment of the Ottoman state. As a venue, I focused on Ottoman urbanization in Anatolia and the Balkans. The Ottoman urbanization which started with Karacahisar continued constantly during each period. The conquered cities were converted into an Ottoman city and used as bases for the further conquests. The cities were developed and opened to the outside by developing around a friday mosque and a market, depending on social institutions such as the foundation and charitable system. Structures such as mosques, bazaars and Imaret vary in number according to the size of the city. In addition to mosques, markets and construction, buildings such as hamam, caravanserai, zawiyah, dervish lodge were constructed and cities were constructed. With these structures, the city showed that it was culturally transformed, but it also showed that it was a different rule in politics. Thanks to the conquests, dervishes and foundations established by some bureaucrats of the state, the cities were shaped by meeting the various needs of the people. The conversion started with the conversion of the largest religious structure in the conquered areas to the mosque, and continued with the settlement of empty properties and the construction of new social structures to meet the needs of the people. The Ottomans do not conquer a city with the aim of destroying it. They conquered the cities for the sake of the city. Each of the cities was created with the principle of beautifying and shaping the world with the same principle. The formation, which had started with the conquest of Karacahisar in Anatolia, was carried to the Balkans after the Karesiogullari was dominated and the structures which are the symbol of permanence continued. In this respect, Ottoman-Turkish, Turkish-Islamic culture was carried to the Balkans and lived there. In the honor of the people of the Ottoman state foundations, let me look away from them and honor others. Key words: urbanization, foundation, imaret, friday mosque, market, housing
In my thesis titled "Early Ottoman Urbanization", I limited the shaping of the cities in general to the period of Mehmet the Conqueror which I worked on, from the establishment of the Ottoman state. As a venue, I focused on Ottoman urbanization in Anatolia and the Balkans. The Ottoman urbanization which started with Karacahisar continued constantly during each period. The conquered cities were converted into an Ottoman city and used as bases for the further conquests. The cities were developed and opened to the outside by developing around a friday mosque and a market, depending on social institutions such as the foundation and charitable system. Structures such as mosques, bazaars and Imaret vary in number according to the size of the city. In addition to mosques, markets and construction, buildings such as hamam, caravanserai, zawiyah, dervish lodge were constructed and cities were constructed. With these structures, the city showed that it was culturally transformed, but it also showed that it was a different rule in politics. Thanks to the conquests, dervishes and foundations established by some bureaucrats of the state, the cities were shaped by meeting the various needs of the people. The conversion started with the conversion of the largest religious structure in the conquered areas to the mosque, and continued with the settlement of empty properties and the construction of new social structures to meet the needs of the people. The Ottomans do not conquer a city with the aim of destroying it. They conquered the cities for the sake of the city. Each of the cities was created with the principle of beautifying and shaping the world with the same principle. The formation, which had started with the conquest of Karacahisar in Anatolia, was carried to the Balkans after the Karesiogullari was dominated and the structures which are the symbol of permanence continued. In this respect, Ottoman-Turkish, Turkish-Islamic culture was carried to the Balkans and lived there. In the honor of the people of the Ottoman state foundations, let me look away from them and honor others. Key words: urbanization, foundation, imaret, friday mosque, market, housing
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Kaplan, M. (2019). Erken dönem Osmanlı şehirleşmesi. Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 1-144 s. İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
