Efficient Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Water Using High-Surface-Area Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husks: Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Evaluation

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dc.contributor.authorDemirdag, Esra
dc.contributor.authorDemirel, Mehmet Ferit
dc.contributor.authorBenek, Veysel
dc.contributor.authorDogru, Elif
dc.contributor.authorOnal, Yunus
dc.contributor.authorAlkan, Mehmet Huseyin
dc.contributor.authorErol, Kadir
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:30:59Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:30:59Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractActivated carbon is widely recognized as an effective material for removing pollutants, especially pharmaceutical residues, from water. In this study, high-surface-area activated carbon derived from rice husks (RHAC) was synthesized via KOH activation and used for the adsorption of ciprofloxacin, a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Its adsorption behavior was systematically investigated through batch experiments varying the pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. The RHAC exhibited a high surface area of 1539.7 m(2)/g and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 398.4 mgg(-1). The Freundlich isotherm best describes its adsorption equilibrium, suggesting multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo second-order model (R-2 = 0.9981), indicating chemisorption as the rate-limiting mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters (Delta H degrees = 6.61 kJ/mol, Delta G degrees < 0) confirmed that the process was endothermic and spontaneous. These findings demonstrate that RHAC is a highly efficient, low-cost, and sustainable adsorbent for removing ciprofloxacin from aqueous environments.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules30122501
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.issue12
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0761-6436
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8523-6922
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9158-6091
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3080-2296
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6342-6816
dc.identifier.pmid40572467
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105009052184
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30122501
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108497
dc.identifier.volume30
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001515824300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectactivated carbon
dc.subjectadsorption
dc.subjectantibiotic pollution
dc.subjectciprofloxacin
dc.subjectrice husk
dc.titleEfficient Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Water Using High-Surface-Area Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husks: Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Evaluation
dc.typeArticle

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