The antimicrobial effects of ketamine combined with propofol: An in vitro study

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dc.authoridErsoy, Mehmet/0000-0002-0724-2825
dc.authoridDurmus, Mahmut/0000-0001-9594-9064
dc.authoridbegeç, zekine/0000-0002-9506-1871
dc.authoridDuman, Yucel/0000-0002-9090-2096
dc.authoridYücel, Aytaç/0000-0003-0270-8339
dc.authoridErdogan, Mehmet Ali/0000-0002-3860-6919
dc.authorwosidErsoy, Mehmet/ACN-2779-2022
dc.authorwosidYAKUPOGULLARI, YUSUF/F-3966-2011
dc.authorwosidErdogan, Mehmet Ali/ABI-7224-2020
dc.authorwosidDurmuş, Mahmut/AAG-3377-2019
dc.authorwosidDurmus, Mahmut/ABH-3006-2020
dc.authorwosidbegeç, zekine/ABI-5491-2020
dc.authorwosidDuman, Yucel/AAU-6221-2020
dc.contributor.authorBegec, Zekine
dc.contributor.authorYucel, Aytac
dc.contributor.authorYakupogullari, Yusuf
dc.contributor.authorErdogan, Mehmet Ali
dc.contributor.authorDuman, Yucel
dc.contributor.authorDurmus, Mahmut
dc.contributor.authorErsoy, M. Ozcan
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T20:40:10Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T20:40:10Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractBackground and objectives: Ketamine and propofol are the general anesthetics that also have antimicrobial and microbial growth-promoting effects, respectively. Although these agents are frequently applied together during clinical use, there is no data about their total effect on microbial growth when combined. In this study, we investigated some organisms' growth in a ketamine and propofol mixture. Method: We used standard strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans in this study. Time-growth analysis was performed to assess microbial growth rates in 1% propofol. Antimicrobial activity of ketamine, alone and in propofol was studied with microdilution method. Results: In propofol, studied strains grew from 103-104 cfu/mL to ?AO cfu/mL concentrations within 8-16 hours depending on the type of organism. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (for candida, minimal fungicidal concentration) of ketamine were determined as follows (MIC, MBC): E.coli 312.5, 312.5 pg/mL; S.aureus 19.5, 156 pg/mL; P.aeruginosa 312.5, 625 pg/mL; and C.albicans 156, 156 pg/ml. In ketamine+propofol mixture, ketamine exhibited antimicrobial activity to E.coli, P.aeruginosa and C.albicans as MBCs at 1250, 625 and 625 pg/mL, respectively. Growth of S. aureus was not inhibited in this mixture (ketamine concentration=1250 pg/mL). Conclusion: Ketamine has sustained its antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner against some organisms in propofol, which is a strong microbial growth-promoting solution. Combined use of ketamine and propofol in routine clinical application may reduce the risk of infection caused by accidental contamination. However, one must keep in mind that ketamine cannot reduce all pathogenic threats in propofol mixture. (C) 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.bjane.2012.09.004
dc.identifier.endpage465en_US
dc.identifier.issn0034-7094
dc.identifier.issn1806-907X
dc.identifier.issue6en_US
dc.identifier.pmid24565343en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84927683053en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/Aen_US
dc.identifier.startpage461en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2012.09.004
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/96750
dc.identifier.volume63en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000327684400004en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofRevista Brasileira De Anestesiologiaen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectAntimicrobial activityen_US
dc.subjectBenzethonium chlorideen_US
dc.subjectKetamineen_US
dc.subjectKetofolen_US
dc.subjectPropofolen_US
dc.titleThe antimicrobial effects of ketamine combined with propofol: An in vitro studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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