En az gelişmiş ülkelerde işgücü verimliliği, ihracat ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin incelenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Temelleri 1964 yılında atılan ve asıl amacı seçili ülke grubunun sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyümeyle beraber temel yapısal sorunların üstesinden gelmesi olan en az gelişmiş ülkeler (EAGÜ), başta Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (WTO) ve Birleşmiş Milletler (UN) olmak üzere hem teknik hem de maddi desteğe erişim imkânına sahiptir. Yapısal sorunların başında gelen ihracatta bir veya birkaç ürüne bağımlılık, düşük ekonomik büyüme ve düşük iş gücü verimliliği bu çalışmanın ortaya çıkış noktası olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, 2021 yılı itibariyle 46 ülkenin yer aldığı ülke grubundan 1991-2021 yılları arasında verileri eksiksiz olan 24 ülkede ihracat ve iş gücü verimliliğindeki değişimlerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş ve ihracata dayalı ekonomik büyüme modeli test edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilebilmesi için panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede öncelikle panelin yatay kesit bağımlılığı içerip içermediğinin belirlenebilmesi için Peseran (2004) LM, Peseran (2008) LMadj ve CDLM testleri yapılmıştır. Panelin yatay kesit bağımlığı içermesinin ardından Peseran ve Yamagato'nun (2008) Slope Homogenity testi uygulanmış ve panelin heterojen bir yapıda olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Birim kök testi olarak Reese ve Westerlund'un (2016) geliştirmiş olduğu PANICCA birim kök testi uygulanarak durağan hale gelen panelin uzun zamanda beraber hareket edip etmediğinin öğrenilebilmesi adına Durbin Hausman (2008) eşbütünleşme testi yapılmıştır. Panelin uzun zamanda beraber hareket ettiğinin belirlenmesinin üzerine Dumitrescu ve Hurlin (2012) Granger Panel Nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Bu test neticesinde, çalışmada kullanılan değişkenlerden yalnızda ekonomik büyümeden iş gücü verimliliğine doğru tek taraflı bir ilişki gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak ihracat ile ekonomik büyüme ve ihracat ile iş gücü verimliliği arasında nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar altında incelenen 24 ülke için ihracata dayalı ekonomik büyüme modelini uygulamanın rasyonel olmayacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN) provide extensive technical and financial support to the least developed countries (LDCs), whose roots were laid in 1964 and whose main goal is to overcome the fundamental structural issues with sustainable economic growth. Dependence on only one or a few products in exports, low economic growth, and a low labor productivity rate in these countries, which are some of the leading structural problems, have been the starting points of this study. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of changes in labor productivity and exports on economic growth in 24 of the 46 nations that comprise the country group as of the 2021 review. Furthermore, the export-led growth model was tested in the selected countries. The panel data analysis method was used to analyze the data. In this framework, Peseran (2004) LM, Peseran (2008) LMadj, and CDLM tests were conducted to determine whether the panel contains cross-sectional dependence. After the panel included cross-section dependency, Peseran and Yamagato's (2008) Slope Homogenity test was applied, and it was concluded that the panel had a heterogeneous structure. As a unit root test, the PANICCA unit root test created by Reese and Westerlund (2016) was used. To determine whether the panel, which remained stationary, continued to behave as a unit over an extended period, the Durbin Hausman (2008) cointegration test was implemented. After it became apparent that the panel had acted together for a significant period, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) conducted the Granger Panel Causality test. This test demonstrated that the variables utilized in the study only showed a unilateral causal relationship between economic growth and labor productivity. However, no causal link between exports and economic growth or between exports and labor productivity was found. For the 24 countries investigated under these findings, it was determined that it would not be reasonable to use the export-based economic growth model.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN) provide extensive technical and financial support to the least developed countries (LDCs), whose roots were laid in 1964 and whose main goal is to overcome the fundamental structural issues with sustainable economic growth. Dependence on only one or a few products in exports, low economic growth, and a low labor productivity rate in these countries, which are some of the leading structural problems, have been the starting points of this study. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of changes in labor productivity and exports on economic growth in 24 of the 46 nations that comprise the country group as of the 2021 review. Furthermore, the export-led growth model was tested in the selected countries. The panel data analysis method was used to analyze the data. In this framework, Peseran (2004) LM, Peseran (2008) LMadj, and CDLM tests were conducted to determine whether the panel contains cross-sectional dependence. After the panel included cross-section dependency, Peseran and Yamagato's (2008) Slope Homogenity test was applied, and it was concluded that the panel had a heterogeneous structure. As a unit root test, the PANICCA unit root test created by Reese and Westerlund (2016) was used. To determine whether the panel, which remained stationary, continued to behave as a unit over an extended period, the Durbin Hausman (2008) cointegration test was implemented. After it became apparent that the panel had acted together for a significant period, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) conducted the Granger Panel Causality test. This test demonstrated that the variables utilized in the study only showed a unilateral causal relationship between economic growth and labor productivity. However, no causal link between exports and economic growth or between exports and labor productivity was found. For the 24 countries investigated under these findings, it was determined that it would not be reasonable to use the export-based economic growth model.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İşletme, Business Administration
