Toxicity of commercial and pure forms of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Xenopus laevis embryos before and after ozonation

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dc.authoridturhan, duygu ozhan/0000-0002-7111-4289
dc.authoridGungordu, Abbas/0000-0001-7770-0660
dc.authorwosidturhan, duygu ozhan/AAA-3247-2021
dc.authorwosidGungordu, Abbas/A-3009-2015
dc.contributor.authorEmre, Fatma Bilge
dc.contributor.authorTurhan, Duygu Ozhan
dc.contributor.authorGungordu, Abbas
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T20:55:09Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T20:55:09Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractIn this study, the toxic and teratogenic effects of three commercial drugs and their active ingredients on Xenopus laevis embryos before and after ozonation were evaluated using the Frog Embryos Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX). First, the median lethal concentration (LC50) and, if data were available, the median effective concentration, teratogenic index and minimum growth inhibitory concentration were determined for each drug substance without ozonation. Then, the active substance amounts of three selected nominal concentrations (LC50/2, LC50, and LC(50)x2) of each test substance before ozonation were measured by HPLC analysis and the toxicity of these substances was evaluated after 2, 3, 4, and 5 h of ozonation. In addition, degradation products that may occur during ozonation were evaluated by LC-MS analysis. The 96-h LC(50)s of Dolphin-diflunisal, Dichloron-diclofenac sodium, and Apranax-naproxen drug-active substance pairs were determined to be 22.3 and 11.1, 25.7 and 18.7, and 47.8 mg active substance/L and 45.3 mg/L, respectively. According to the FETAX test results, the Dolphin-diflunisal drug-active ingredient pair did not cause growth retardation in exposed embryos. Dichloron-diclofenac sodium and Apranax-naproxen drug-active ingredient pairs were both teratogenic and growth inhibitory. In the second stage of the study, in which the effectiveness of ozonation in eliminating the toxic effects of drugs is evaluated, it is seen that ozonation is partially successful in eliminating the toxic effects of Dolphin-diflunisal and Dichloron-diclofenac sodium pairs, but insufficient for eliminating the effects of the Apranax-naproxen pair.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Projects coordination Unit of inonu University [FBa-2020-2025]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipthis project work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects coordination Unit of inonu University as the Research Project numbered FBa-2020-2025, and we would like to thank the relevant institution for the financial contribution provided to the studies.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/01480545.2024.2324325
dc.identifier.issn0148-0545
dc.identifier.issn1525-6014
dc.identifier.pmid38465443en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85187488367en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2024.2324325
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/101871
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001183069100001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofDrug and Chemical Toxicologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectMedicinal drugsen_US
dc.subjecttoxicityen_US
dc.subjectozonationen_US
dc.subjectXenopus laevisen_US
dc.subjectFETAXen_US
dc.titleToxicity of commercial and pure forms of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Xenopus laevis embryos before and after ozonationen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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