Petrol kökenli yakıtlarda önemli ağır metallerin analizi ve porfirine bağlı vanadyum türünün tayini
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Günümüzde benzin, dizel yakıt (motorin), jet yakıtı (kerosen), fuel-oil (kalorifer yakıtı), likit petrol gazı (LPG) gibi petrol kökenli yakıtların kullanımı sonucunda oluşan yanma ürünlerinin atmosfere salınması ile doğadaki petrol kaynaklı metal kirliliği giderek artmaktadır. ?Petrol kökenli yakıtlarda metal düzeylerinin belirlenmesi neden önemlidir?? sorusu son yıllarda bu tür yakıtların kullanımının oldukça artmasından dolayı önem kazanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada; mikrodalga destekli bir mineralizasyon tekniği optimize örneklerin tam olarak çözünürleştirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Ardından, oldukça duyarlı sonuç veren ve çoklu analize imkan sağlayan ?indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-optik emisyon spektrometrisi (ICP/OES)? kullanılarak tayin basamağı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; çalışılan yakıt örneklerinde; Al, As, Co, Fe, K, Ni, Pb ve V elementlerinin tayin edilebilen en düşük ve en yüksek derişim değerleri sırasıyla; 2.53±0.21?25.46±2.12, 5.08±0.76?6.71±1.04, 14.32±1.12?21.66±2.52, 2.89±0.33?19.42±1.97, 5.89±1.06-17.35±1.52, 11.02±1.13-32.08±3.10 (sadece fuel-oil'de), 8.54±1.21?20.27±2.14, 47.62±2.21-87.34±5.01 (sadece fuel-oil'de) mg/L olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu elementlerden vanadyum, porfirin kompleksleri halinde petrolün yapısına yağın oluşum sürecinde karışmakta olup ham petrolün yapısında en sık rastlanan element olması yani petrolün doğasında mutlak olarak bulunan bir bileşen olması yönünden ilgi çekici görünmektedir. Ağır petrol fraksiyonlarında vanadyum miktarının fazla olması yanma sonucu oluşan emisyon miktarı için vanadyum-porfirin komplekslerinin bir marker olarak rol oynamasını da sağlamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada adsorban olarak silika jel kullanılarak vanadyum yönünden zengin olan fuel-oil örneklerindeki vanadyum-porfirin komplekslerinin katı faz özütleme işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından kolay uygulanabilir olması, kromofor özelliğe sahip organik moleküllerin kantitatif tayinde oldukça duyarlı sonuçlar vermesi ve düşük tayin sınırlarına ulaşılması gibi avantajlara sahip olan UV/VIS moleküler absorbans spektrometrisi ile tayin basamağı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; fuel-oil örneklerindeki toplam vanadyum içeriğinin % 41.2 oranındaki kısmının vanadyum-porfirin kompleksi halinde bulundukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Petroleum based metallic pollution in nature has, now, gradually increased as a consequence of the emission of burning products to atmosphere, occurred through the utilisation of petroleum based fuels and oils, such as gasoline, diesel fuel (diesel oil), jet fuel, fuel oil (heating oil), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The question, ?Why the determination of metal levels in petroleum based fuels is important? has become significant in the last years, since consumption of this type of fuels has considerably boosted. In the study, complete solubilisation of the samples was provided by optimising a microwave assisted mineralisation technique. Detection step was then performed by means of ?Inductively Coupled Plasma ? Optic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP/OES)? technique which gives quite precise results and allows also multiple analysis. Consequently, it was determined in the studied fuel samples, detectable minimum and maximum concentrations of Al, As, Co, Fe, K, Ni, Pb and V; 2.53±0.21?25.46±2.12, 5.08±0.76?6.71±1.04, 14.32±1.12?21.66±2.52, 2.89±0.33?19.42±1.97, 5.89±1.06-17.35±1.52, 11.02±1.13-32.08±3.10 (only in fuel-oil), 8.54±1.21?20.27±2.14, 47.62±2.21-87.34±5.01 (only in fuel-oil) mg/L, respectively. Among these elements, vanadium seems interesting, in view of the fact that it is the most common element found in petroleum composition that is a component absolutely found in the texture of petroleum. Vanadium is included to the petroleum structure as in the form of porphyrine complex during the formation of crude oil. Being excessive for vanadium in the petroleum fractions provides vanadium-porphyrine complex to play also a role as a marker for the amount of emission coming out during the burning. In the study executed, solid phase extraction process for vanadium-porphyrine complex in vanadium-rich fuel-oil samples was carried out using silica gel as adsorbent. Then, detection step was performed using UV/VIS Molecular Absorbance Spectrometry which has advantages of being easily applicable, giving quite precise results in quantitative determination of organic molecules with chromophore character and being achieved low detection limits. As a result, it was concluded that 41.2 % of total vanadium content of fuel-oil samples found as in the form of vanadium-porphyrine complex.
Petroleum based metallic pollution in nature has, now, gradually increased as a consequence of the emission of burning products to atmosphere, occurred through the utilisation of petroleum based fuels and oils, such as gasoline, diesel fuel (diesel oil), jet fuel, fuel oil (heating oil), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The question, ?Why the determination of metal levels in petroleum based fuels is important? has become significant in the last years, since consumption of this type of fuels has considerably boosted. In the study, complete solubilisation of the samples was provided by optimising a microwave assisted mineralisation technique. Detection step was then performed by means of ?Inductively Coupled Plasma ? Optic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP/OES)? technique which gives quite precise results and allows also multiple analysis. Consequently, it was determined in the studied fuel samples, detectable minimum and maximum concentrations of Al, As, Co, Fe, K, Ni, Pb and V; 2.53±0.21?25.46±2.12, 5.08±0.76?6.71±1.04, 14.32±1.12?21.66±2.52, 2.89±0.33?19.42±1.97, 5.89±1.06-17.35±1.52, 11.02±1.13-32.08±3.10 (only in fuel-oil), 8.54±1.21?20.27±2.14, 47.62±2.21-87.34±5.01 (only in fuel-oil) mg/L, respectively. Among these elements, vanadium seems interesting, in view of the fact that it is the most common element found in petroleum composition that is a component absolutely found in the texture of petroleum. Vanadium is included to the petroleum structure as in the form of porphyrine complex during the formation of crude oil. Being excessive for vanadium in the petroleum fractions provides vanadium-porphyrine complex to play also a role as a marker for the amount of emission coming out during the burning. In the study executed, solid phase extraction process for vanadium-porphyrine complex in vanadium-rich fuel-oil samples was carried out using silica gel as adsorbent. Then, detection step was performed using UV/VIS Molecular Absorbance Spectrometry which has advantages of being easily applicable, giving quite precise results in quantitative determination of organic molecules with chromophore character and being achieved low detection limits. As a result, it was concluded that 41.2 % of total vanadium content of fuel-oil samples found as in the form of vanadium-porphyrine complex.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fosil yakıtları, Toplam element, Vanadyum, Porfirin, Silika jel, SPE, ICP/OES, UV/VIS, Fossil fuels, Total element, Vanadium, Porphyrine, Silica gel
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Başgel, S. (2012). Petrol kökenli yakıtlarda önemli ağır metallerin analizi ve porfirine bağlı vanadyum türünün tayini. İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 1-183 ss.
