Mermer sanayi atıklarından yapay kalsiyum silikat üretiminde aşırı öğütmenin etkilerinin seramik malzemeler üzerinde araştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tezde, mermer işleme sanayi atık çamurlarından sağlanan kalsiyum karbonat (CaCO3) ve kuvars kumundan sağlanan kuvars (SiO2) kullanılarak, kalsiyum silikat minerallerinden birisi olan vollastonitin (CaSiO3) ısıl işlemle yapay olarak üretilmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Atık mermer tozunun vollastonit oluşturmak üzere kuvars kumu ile birlikte kavrulması işleminden önce her iki hammaddenin bir arada aşırı sürelerde öğütülmesinin vollastonitin oluştuğu sıcaklık üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mermer işleme sanayi atık depolama alanlarından sağlanan beyaz renkli mermer tozları, farklı stokiyometrik oranlarda kuvars kumuyla karıştırılmış ve karışımlar bilyalı jet değirmen kullanılarak çeşitli sürelerde öğütülmüşlerdir. Elde edilen öğütülmüş karışımlar, tane boyu dağılımı analizi (PSD), X-ışınları kırınım difraktometrisi (XRD), taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM ve EDX), termal gravimetrik analiz (TGA), diferansiyel termal analiz (DTA) gibi çeşitli fiziksel ve fizikokimyasal analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiş ve bulunan sonuçlar öğütülmemiş karışımların özellikleriyle karşılaştırılmışlardır. Öğütülmemiş ve öğütülmüş karışımlar 900°-1200°C aralığında çeşitli sıcaklıklarda kavrularak çok sayıdaki karışım örneği için mermer tozundaki CaCO3'dan CaO oluşturma sıcaklıkları ve CaO'un kuvars kumundaki SiO2 ile sinterleşerek CaSiO3 oluşturma sıcaklıkları, aşırı miktarda XRD analizleri uygulanarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen kavurma ürünleri özellikle XRD ve SEM kullanılarak karakterize edilerek vollastonit içerikleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca, üretilen yapay vollastonitin geleneksel yer karosu seramiklerindeki davranışı, doğal vollastonitle karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ağırlıkça %5-20 aralığında çeşitli miktarlarda yapay vollastonit eklenen geleneksel yer karosu seramik çamurları 1000°-1200°C aralığında çeşitli sıcaklıklarda pişirilmiş; elde edilen seramiklere, su emme analizi, pişme küçülmesi analizi, renk değeri ölçümü, ısıl genleşme davranışı, mineralojik faz analizi, mikroyapı karakterizasyonu, otoklav testi ve asit ve baza dayanım testi gibi çok çeşitli testler uygulanmıştır. Üretilen yer karosu seramik tabletleri ayrıca sırlanarak yeniden pişirilmiş ve sır tutma özellikleri saptanmıştır. Böylece, üretilen vollastonit ve diğer kalsiyum silikat katkılarının yer karolarının teknik özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu tezde gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların sonucunda, kavurma işlemi öncesinde gerçekleştirilen aşırı öğütme işleminin mermer atık tozu ve kuvars kumu kullanılarak vollastonit üretiminde mermer tozundaki CaCO3'tan CaO oluşum sıcaklığında ve CaO ile SiO2 nin sinterleşme sıcaklığında düşüşe yol açacak kadar bir mekanik aktivasyona neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.
In this thesis, it was concerned on the synthetically production of wollastonite (CaSiO3), one of the calcium silicate minerals, through thermal methods, by using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) obtained from marble processing plant waste sludge and quartz (SiO2) obtained from silica sand. Determining the effects of co-milling of the raw materials at prolonged periods on the roasting temperature at which wollastonite forms, when accomplished before the roasting procedure where the waste marble is contacted with silica sand to manufacture wollastonite was aimed. Marble dusts with white colour, purchased from marble processing plant waste depositing areas were mixed with silica sand powder at different stoichiometric ratios and mixtures were milled by jet ball mill at different periods. The milled mixtures obtained were characterized using various physical and physicochemical analysis methods such as particle size distribution analysis (PSD), X-ray powder diffractometry analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM and EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and the results were compared to the characteristics of the unmilled mixtures. By applying intensive XRD analysis for numerous of mixture samples, temperatures for conversion from CaCO3 to CaO and for manufacturing of CaSiO3 through sintering of CaO with SiO2 in the silica sand were determined by roasting the unmilled and milled mixtures at temperatures between 900°-1200°C. By characterizing the roasting products especially through the XRD and SEM analyses, wollastonite contents were examined. Moreover, performance of the synthetically produced wollastonite in traditional floor tile ceramics was comparatively determined as regard to natural wollastonite. Traditional floor tile ceramic masses which synthetic wollastonite were added at different ratios between 5-20% by weight were fired at various temperatures between 1000°-1200°C; a wide variety of the tests such as water absorption analysis, firing shrinkage analysis, colour index measurement, thermal dilatation behaviour analysis, mineralogical phases analysis, microstructure analysis, autoclave tests, and acid-base resistance tests were applied to the ceramics. The manufactured floor tile ceramics tablets were also glazed and then fired again and their glaze holding properties were determined. Thus, impact of the produced wollastonite and other calcium silicate additives on the technical properties of floor tiles were comparatively brought out. At the end of studies conducted in this thesis, it was determined that intensive milling achieved before the roasting process causes mechanical activation giving rise to a decrease both at the formation temperature of CaO from CaCO3 found in the marble and the sintering temperature of CaO with SiO2 during wollastonite production using marble waste dust and silica sand.
In this thesis, it was concerned on the synthetically production of wollastonite (CaSiO3), one of the calcium silicate minerals, through thermal methods, by using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) obtained from marble processing plant waste sludge and quartz (SiO2) obtained from silica sand. Determining the effects of co-milling of the raw materials at prolonged periods on the roasting temperature at which wollastonite forms, when accomplished before the roasting procedure where the waste marble is contacted with silica sand to manufacture wollastonite was aimed. Marble dusts with white colour, purchased from marble processing plant waste depositing areas were mixed with silica sand powder at different stoichiometric ratios and mixtures were milled by jet ball mill at different periods. The milled mixtures obtained were characterized using various physical and physicochemical analysis methods such as particle size distribution analysis (PSD), X-ray powder diffractometry analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM and EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and the results were compared to the characteristics of the unmilled mixtures. By applying intensive XRD analysis for numerous of mixture samples, temperatures for conversion from CaCO3 to CaO and for manufacturing of CaSiO3 through sintering of CaO with SiO2 in the silica sand were determined by roasting the unmilled and milled mixtures at temperatures between 900°-1200°C. By characterizing the roasting products especially through the XRD and SEM analyses, wollastonite contents were examined. Moreover, performance of the synthetically produced wollastonite in traditional floor tile ceramics was comparatively determined as regard to natural wollastonite. Traditional floor tile ceramic masses which synthetic wollastonite were added at different ratios between 5-20% by weight were fired at various temperatures between 1000°-1200°C; a wide variety of the tests such as water absorption analysis, firing shrinkage analysis, colour index measurement, thermal dilatation behaviour analysis, mineralogical phases analysis, microstructure analysis, autoclave tests, and acid-base resistance tests were applied to the ceramics. The manufactured floor tile ceramics tablets were also glazed and then fired again and their glaze holding properties were determined. Thus, impact of the produced wollastonite and other calcium silicate additives on the technical properties of floor tiles were comparatively brought out. At the end of studies conducted in this thesis, it was determined that intensive milling achieved before the roasting process causes mechanical activation giving rise to a decrease both at the formation temperature of CaO from CaCO3 found in the marble and the sintering temperature of CaO with SiO2 during wollastonite production using marble waste dust and silica sand.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mermer atıkları, Aşırı öğütme, Mekanik aktivasyon, Yapay vollastonit, Seramik malzeme, Marble wastes, İntensive milling, Mechanical activation, Synthetic wollastonite, Ceramics material
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Göktaş, M. (2013). Mermer sanayi atıklarından yapay kalsiyum silikat üretiminde aşırı öğütmenin etkilerinin seramik malzemeler üzerinde araştırılması. İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 1-249 ss.
