Physiology of nose-to-brain pathways and current approaches to intranasal treatment

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dc.contributor.authorÜnüvar, Songül
dc.contributor.authorSandal, Suleyman
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T19:42:43Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T19:42:43Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThere are many factors that affect the passage of drugs through the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Generally, conventional treatments for many psychiatric disorders and central nervous system diseases drugs are administered parenteral or per os to produce systemic effects. However, an increased dose or extended treatment time is required to achieve effective drug concentrations at the desired site. This significantly increases the risk of systemic toxicity. For this reason, strategies for the direct delivery of drugs to the central nervous system without the need of increasing their dose are being investigated intensively. Drug delivery methods to the central nervous system are divided into three groups non-invasive, invasive and alternative methods. Intranasal drug administration, which is one of the non-invasive methods that increase the solubility and permeability of the drug, prolongs the drug effects, minimizes enzymatic degradation, and increases the bioavailability of the drug, has become the focus of attention of researchers in recent years. The use of experimental animal models in studies to identify intranasal drug administration routes and potential brain targets limits the applicability of these results to humans. In this review, the routes of intranasal drugs to the brain, the properties of drugs that can reach the central nervous system, and drug examples used in clinical trials are discussed.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.5455/annalsmedres.2022.10.325
dc.identifier.endpage634en_US
dc.identifier.issn2636-7688
dc.identifier.issue5en_US
dc.identifier.startpage628en_US
dc.identifier.trdizinid1179566en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2022.10.325
dc.identifier.urihttps://search.trdizin.gov.tr/yayin/detay/1179566
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/88602
dc.identifier.volume30en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizinen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAnnals of Medical Researchen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Ulusal Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.titlePhysiology of nose-to-brain pathways and current approaches to intranasal treatmenten_US
dc.typeReview Articleen_US

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