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Öğe Living Liver Donor Paired Exchange: Can Anaesthesia Management Challenge?(Galenos Publ House, 2025) Erdogan, Mehmet Ali; Ucar, Muharrem; Colak, Yusuf Ziya; Demiroz, Duygu; Ozdes, Oya Olcay[No abstract available]Öğe Analysis of the Cabinet Members of the Government of the Republic of Türkiye within the Framework of the Circulation of Elites Theory (Between the 58th and 67th Terms)(Ilem, 2025) Cirakoglu, Ahmet; Yildirak, KeremBeing an important part of a governance mechanism, elites not only influence decision-making processes in terms of their place in society but also direct these processes and draw formal boundaries. Political elites or elite groups, which shape decision-making behaviour in continuity, develop by replacing each other temporally/periodically. This cycle, which Vilfredo Pareto calls the circulation of elites, expresses the elite profile of each nation, society or universe, era, and period in its own conjuncture. Indeed, determining the circulation among the political elites, who are the pioneers of Turkish political life, is important in terms of both their personal backgrounds and their social positions. While such a determination allows us to evaluate the administrative qualities of Turkish society more comprehensively based on individual and social characteristics, it also paves the way for an objective perspective on all economic, military, sociological, psychological, cultural, and political aspects. This study aims to determine the extent to which Pareto's theory of elite circulation is visible in Turkish politics. In the study, the members of the cabinet (political elites) who served between the 58th and 67th terms were selected as a sample and these individuals were examined within the framework of circulation of elites.Öğe Bioactivity guided fractionation for investigation of antidiabetic activity on the different Origanum species from the Brevifilamentum section(Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2025) Tanriverdi, Basak; Sen, Ali; Sadikoglu, Narin; Bitis, LeylaThe aim of this study was to evaluate antidiabetic activities of Origanum bargyli (OB), Origanum haussknechtii (OH), Origanum rotundifolium (OR) species from Brevifilamentum section of genus Origanum and to investigate their roles in diabetes with the support of their antioxidant effects. Antidiabetic activities on OB, OH, and OR were investigated for the first time in the present study. DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging, alpha-glucosidase inhibition methods were performed for antioxidant, antidiabetic activities, respectively. OB (12.70 and 32.62 mu g/mL) and OR (10.61 and 32.28 mu g/mL) exhibited strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals with remarkable IC50 values. The amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds of OB, OH and OR were 67.55, 68.97, 68.93 mg/g and 48.46, 40.54 and 62.28 mg/g, respectively. Whereas OH and OR showed IC50 values of 259 and 404 mu g/mL for antidiabetic activity, OB was found to be the most antidiabetic active species, showing more significant inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase enzyme than the standard with an IC50 value of 204.20 mu g/ml. Therefore, the OB ethanol extract was fractionated with solvents of different polarity (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate, respectively). In the fractions of OB species, chloroform fraction(OBC) showed a much higher inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 126.50 mu g/mL compared to the standard acarbose (261.7 mu g/mL) and was found to be the most antidiabetic active fraction. These results suggest that OB species with significant antidiabetic and antioxidant activity may play a good potential role in developing new herbal medicines against diabetes.Öğe Evaluation of Medical School Students in Terms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Emotional Regulation Difficulties(Galenos Publ House, 2025) Akan, Ayse; Selcuk, Engin Burak; Tetik, Burcu Kayhan; Akan, Mustafa; Arslan, Ahmet KadirObjective: The symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect individuals' education, quality of life, work, and social life. Studies have indicated that adults with ADHD often experience emotion dysregulation as much as they exhibit the core symptoms of the disorder, leading to significant problems in social life. This study aimed to evaluate ADHD symptoms and emotional regulation difficulties in medical students studying at a university hospital. Methods: The research was conducted between 20.10.2021 and 20.11.2021 in the family medicine department of a university hospital. The sociodemographic data form, adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), and difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) were administered to the participants online via Google surveys. The study sample was grouped according to the total ASRS score of the participants. Results: A total of 552 participants were included in the study. Participants were divided into 3 groups: high probable ADHD (HPADHD), probable ADHD (P-ADHD), and without ADHD (WO-ADHD) according to the ASRS cutoff score. The HP-ADHD group had higher DERS total score and all subscale scores than the WO-ADHD group (p<0.001 for all analyses). The ASRS total scores were positively correlated with the DERS total scores (r=0.643, p<0.001). In addition, suicide attempts, forensic event history, and class failure were significantly more frequent in the HP-ADHD group than in the WOADHD group (p<0.001, p=0.043, p=0.024 respectively). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between ADHD and emotional regulation difficulties, which may cause clinical diversity that may cause problems in different areas of life in adults.Öğe Transanal Specimen Extraction After Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy for Sigmoid Volvulus(Galenos Publ House, 2025) Uylas, Ufuk; Gundogdu, Ramazan; Bag, Yusuf Murat; Aktas, Aydin; Sumer, Fatih; Kayaalp, CuneytObjective: Sigmoid resection can be performed using conventional and laparoscopic methods. Specimen removal from the natural orifice after laparoscopic surgery is increasingly preferred. This approach can reduce wound complications and the length of hospitalization. In this study, we present the results from cases of sigmoid volvulus treated with laparoscopic surgery and transanal specimen removal. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on eight cases in which patients diagnosed with sigmoid volvulus underwent elective laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection and transanal specimen extraction. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, comorbidities, operation time, surgical difficulties, length of hospital stay, and complications. Results: Laparoscopic sigmoid resection and transanal specimen extraction were performed on eight patients. All patients were male, and the median age was 68 years (28-86 years). Five of the patients had comorbidities. The median operative time was 195 minutes (180-360). Transanal specimen extraction was successful in all patients. Anastomotic leakage occurred in one patient and subileus occurred in two patients. The median hospital stay was 5.5 days (3-21). Conclusion: Transanal specimen extraction after laparoscopic resection is an easy, feasible, and safe method. Sigmoid volvulus is the ideal disease for the application of this procedure because it does not involve mass-like lesions such as tumors and diverticula.Öğe Protective Effect of Amifostine on Radiotherapy-Applied Cardiovascular Tissue(Kare Publ, 2025) Taylan, Gokay; Caloglu, Murat; Caloglu, Vuslat Yurut; Yalta, Tulin; Aydogdu, Nurettin; Yalta, Kenan; Aktoz, MeryemBackground: The present study evaluates the protective effect of amifostine (AMI) on acute toxicity in large vessels and the heart in rats with radiotherapy (RT) applied to the thorax. Methods: Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Alone RT (n = 7), amifostine plus RT (AMI+RT, n = 7), and control (n = 7) groups. The rats in the RT and AMI+RT groups received a single dose of 20 Gy radiation to the entire thorax. Prior to irradiation, AMI was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg, 30 minutes before the procedure. Five days after irradiation, the levels of p53, CD68, and COX in the vascular tissue (aorta) were measured, along with the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the aortic and heart tissues. Results: The results showed that the level of MDA significantly increased after irradiation, but GSH levels did not change (P < .001 and P = 0.138). Malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced by AMI, and GSH levels increased (P = .031 and P = .007). When comparing the control group with AMI + RT, MDA and glutathione levels were similar (P = .314 and P = .136). Histopathological evaluation revealed increased cellular inflammation (P = .002) and vascular damage (P = .015) in aortic tissue after thoracic RT irradiation, but no difference in terms of myofibrosis (P = .901) in heart tissue. Conclusion: AMI has a radioprotective and antioxidant effect against RT-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Öğe Examining the Benefits of Using ChatGPT in Preparing Interview Questions(Ani Publishing, 2025) Sen, Mert; Bektas, Oktay; Sen, Sevval NurThe number of studies on using ChatGPT in scientific and qualitative research is increasing daily. This study investigates the usability of ChatGPT in the interview question preparation phase of qualitative research by taking into account its features such as text generation, ease of use, and being trained with a large data set. In the study, the researchers prepared interview questions for the research problem they identified and compared them with the questions prepared by ChatGPT. The study results show that ChatGPT can generate the variety and depth of questions that researchers need by using its extensive data set and various features. As a result, we determined that ChatGPT can provide valuable support to researchers in the interview question preparation stages. This support will allow researchers to use their time more effectively, develop their questions more comprehensively and in-depth, and improve the quality of the data obtained from the research.Öğe Thinking like a nurse: the power of drama on nursing students' professional education and communication skills(Ani Publishing, 2024) Gunay, Ulviye; Dertli, SemihaVarious educational methods are used in nursing education to develop the knowledge and skills suitable for the profession. Drama is a teaching technique that aims for students to acquire knowledge, skills, and understanding about human relations by using game techniques. This study was conducted to determine the power of drama on nursing students' professional education and communication skills. This study was carried out using a phenomenological method with nursing students comprising the five focus groups. During focus interviews, 28 students answered whether through drama-method learning experience and drama has affected personal development. The content analysis method was used in the interpretation of the data. As a result of the content analysis conducted in this study, four main themes and nine subthemes were determined. Themes are; 1. Learning (effective learning, learning by having fun); 2. Confidence (improvement in selfshowed that education through the drama method improves the learning of nursing students. Education through the drama method enables nursing students to learn effectively. This research has provided valuable information on the use of drama method.Öğe Subcutaneous sarcoidosis masquerading as a mass(Kare Publ, 2025) Atila, Aysenur; Ermis, Hilal; Yolbas, Servet; Alan, SaadetSarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause. The skin and lungs are the most commonly affected organs. While classic lesions of cutaneous sarcoidosis include a wide range of dermatological presentations, mass involvement is uncommon. A 43-year-old male presented to the orthopedic clinic with a growing mass on the right hand and wrist. A trucut biopsy of the lesion revealed granulomatous inflammation. However, as the mass enlarged and caused functional loss in the index finger, amputation of the finger was performed due to suspicion of malignancy, particularly a desmoid tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a solid, infiltrative mass with a diffuse pattern extending from the second finger to the wrist. Histopathological examination of the amputated tissue showed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation, negative for acid-fast bacilli, and no evidence of malignancy. The patient was subsequently referred to our clinic and diagnosed with sarcoidosis involving multiple organs. As local progression continued despite methylprednisolone therapy, a second surgical excision was performed, and second-line immunosuppressive therapy was initiated to control the disease. Mass formation is not a typical cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis. This case, featuring a suspected malignancy presenting as a hard mass in the right hand and wrist that led to amputation, demonstrates that a benign condition can progress aggressively enough to cause tissue loss. When atypical presentations occur in benign conditions like sarcoidosis, a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach is essential to guide treatment decisions before undertaking invasive procedures.Öğe Risk factors for conversion from laparoscopic appendectomy to open appendectomy: A retrospective analysis of single-center experience(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2025) Ceylan, Cengiz; Elbistan, Isa; Barut, BoraBACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common causes of surgical acute abdomen. Currently, laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is the most frequently preferred surgical approach. As with all laparoscopic procedures, the possibility of conversion to open surgery also exists in LA. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with conversion to open appendectomy (OA) during the laparoscopic management of AA. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included 445 patients who underwent LA for AA between 2018 and 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether conversion to OA was required during the laparoscopic procedure. Preoperative demographic, clinical, and perioperative data were evaluated. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: The median age of the 445 patients included in the study was 34 years (interquartile range: 25-49). Of these, 58.2% were male. The overall conversion rate to open surgery was 3.8%. In univariate analyses, factors such as age ( p=0.002), the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (p=0.011), time of arrival at the emergency department (p<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) level (p<0.001), amylase level (p=0.012), Malatya Complicated Appendicitis Prediction Score (MCAPS) >= 6 ( p<0.001), and presence of complicated appendicitis ( p<0.001) were associated with conversion. However, in multivariate analyses, only an MCAPS score of 6 or higher (p=0.034) was identified as an independent risk factor for conversion. CONCLUSION: Since conversion to OA is sometimes unavoidable in the management of AA, clinicians may benefit from using the easily applicable MCAPS to predict the likelihood of conversion. This scoring system may also assist in considering primary OA when appropriate.Öğe Underserved and Undervalued: The Alarming Collapse in Pediatric Residency Preference in Turkiye(Aves, 2025) Saygili, Seha; Demirbas, Kaan Can; Bagci, Bereket; Kaya, Feray; Sen, Umit; Tabel, Yilmaz; Canpolat, Nur[No abstract available]Öğe Effects of Optimizing Droplet Distribution at Particular Heights and Speeds Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control Algorithm in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Systems: A Review(Ankara Univ, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Inan, Mevlut; Karci, AliUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in agriculture to increase productivity, optimize resources, and ensure environmental sustainability. This study investigates the droplet distribution of UAVs in agricultural spraying and examines the effects of flight altitude and speed parameters. Experiments conducted on various plant species and tree structures demonstrate that these parameters play a crucial role in ensuring uniform droplet deposition and reducing pesticide use. Concrete recommendations are given to optimize UAV systems in agricultural spraying applications. The paper focuses specifically on the role of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm in improving spray parameters. It evaluates the effects of flight speed and altitude on droplet density and uniformity. A systematic literature review and analysis of experimental data support the methodology presented. The results demonstrate that the PID algorithm outperforms uncontrolled systems. This review synthesizes the existing literature to highlight the effectiveness of UAV-based spraying systems in terms of agricultural sustainability and opportunities for future research.Öğe Submersions of hemi-slant submanifolds(Hacettepe Univ, Fac Sci, 2025) Sahin, Bayram; Polat, Gulistan; Levent, AkinIn this paper, we introduce Riemannian submersions of a hemi-slant submanifold of a Kahler manifold by observing the integrability of the anti-invariant distribution of a hemi-slant submanifold and the integrability of the vertical distribution of a Riemannian submersion. Using this notion, we show that the base manifold is a Kahler manifold in the submersion of a hemi-Kaehlerian slant submanifold of an almost Hermitian manifold. We obtain an inequality between the sectional curvature of the hemi-Kaehlerian slant submanifold and the holomorphic sectional curvature of the base manifold. If this inequality becomes equality, a geometric result is given. In addition, the Ricci tensor field on the horizontal distribution along this submersion is also found.Öğe Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Geometry(Hacettepe Univ, 2025) Ozdemir, Ferhat; Ilhan, AzizThis study was conducted to estimate the average reliability coefficient of the Geometry Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) developed by Cant & uuml;rk-G & uuml;nhan and Bader (2007), which is frequently used in the literature, based on the reliability findings in different studies and to examine the sources of variation of the reliability coefficients reported in the studies. In the study in which reliability generalization meta-analysis design was used, 24 studies that met the criteria were included in the study. The transformed coefficient values obtained by using Bonett transformation of 26 Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained from these studies were combined and analyzed under the random effects model. As a result of the analysis, the mean Cronbach's alpha value of the GSES was estimated as .878 (95% CI: [.85-.90]) and this value was found to be statistically significant (p<.01). In addition, as a result of the heterogeneity analysis, it was determined that there was a high level of heterogeneity between the studies in terms of Cronbach's alpha. Moderator analyses were conducted to determine the possible reasons for the heterogeneity and the findings of the analysis revealed that Cronbach's alpha estimates were not affected by the moderator variables considered in this study. In addition, no evidence of publication bias was found in the study. As a result, the findings of this study suggest that the GSES is a scale with good reliability values on average and may help researchers in future studies to decide to use this scale to measure students' self-efficacy perceptions towards geometry.Öğe The Relationship Between Fear of Earthquake, Religiosity, and Hopelessness Among University Students Affected by the 6 February Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes(Sakarya Univ, 2025) Temiz, Yunus EmreThis study investigates the relationship and interaction between fear of earthquakes, religiosity, and hopelessness among university students who experienced the Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Natural disasters such as earthquakes are not only associated with physical destruction but also with profound psychological repercussions, particularly for those directly affected. Within this framework, understanding how fear of earthquakes relates to variables such as hopelessness and religious motivation may provide critical insights for the development of post-disaster psychological interventions. This quantitative study employed a correlational survey design and included 671 university students who were earthquake survivors. The findings reveal that fear of earthquakes is positively associated with hopelessness, whereas religiosity exhibits a negative association. In other words, higher levels of fear are linked to increased hopelessness, while individuals with stronger religiosity tend to demonstrate more hopeful attitudes. No significant correlation was found between fear of earthquakes and religiosity. Given the observed mitigating role of religiosity on hopelessness, it is recommended that spiritual counseling services be utilized more effectively in the aftermath of disasters. Integrating psychotherapeutic approaches aimed at reducing the psychological impact of earthquake-related fear with religious and spiritual guidance may positively contribute to the recovery processes of those affected by the earthquake. The study underscores the necessity for post-disaster a more comprehensive understanding of these dynamics.Öğe Deep learning-based automatic planning with risk minimization for brain tumor biopsy(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2025) Sahin, Mustafa; Sahin, Emrullah; Ozdemir, Edanur; Talu, Muhammed Fatih; Ozturk, Saitiopsy emerges as a critical procedure for determining tumor types and establishing pathological diagnoses.This process encompasses two primary stages: planning and surgical intervention. During the planning stage,anatomical points in the patient's brain are marked based on MRI data, known to take an average of fourhours. However, the accuracy deficiencies, subjective variations, and time consumption associated withmanual marking reveal the critical need for an automated planning tool. In this study, we propose a biopsyplanning method, entirely automated and incorporating cutting-edge deep learning architectures, on MRIand MRA data. The suggested approach aims to execute biopsy planning rapidly, consistently, andrepeatably. The method consists of four main stages: 1) Removal of the brain's upper shell, 2) Tumordetection and target point determination, 3) Segmentation of the brain's vascular network, and 4) Combination of the three stages and risk calculation for optimal trajectory determination. This automaticmethod has been validated with 42 patient data in ITKTubeTK. Furthermore, this study, prepared as a 3DSlicer plugin, is offered as a free computer-assisted tool for clinics. In subsequent phases of the research,integration of fMRI data is planned to further enhance risk calculationÖğe Digital leadership in educational organizations: A scale adaptation study(Izzet Kara, 2025) Oren, Mehmet Emin; Atik, ServetIn this study, it was aimed to adapt the DigiFuehr 2.0 Scale developed by Claassen et al. (2023) to Turkish and to conduct validity and reliability studies on three groups of participants consisting of teachers. In the study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed in line with translation study, linguistic application, and validity and reliability studies. The findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool for Turkish education leaders. In particular, the dimensions of support and self-organization play an important role in evaluating the digital leadership skills of leaders. In addition, this scale provides a powerful tool for evaluating and developing the digital leadership skills of educational leaders. Therefore, it will allow a more in-depth examination of the effects of digital leadership skills in studies to be carried out in educational organizations.Öğe Protective Effects of Hesperidin and Salicylic Acid on Lemna minor L. Exposed to Evercion Yellow Textile Dye(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2025) Beker Akbulut, Gulcin; Ozhan Turhan, Duygu; Kivilcim, Nilufer; Gueltek, Ahmet; Yigit, EmelHesperidin (HES) is a flavonone glycoside from the flavonoid family that is present in citrus species. It has potent anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. In times of stress, the phenolic chemical salicylic acid (SA), also known as a plant hormone, functions as a signal molecule, controlling the plant's reaction and maintaining its survival. For the removal of numerous harmful chemicals, phytoremediation, sometimes referred to as green reclamation, is an efficient, affordable, environmentally benign, and simple procedure. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is an important bioindicator species in phytoremediation study. Following the application of 75 ppm, 150 ppm, and 300 ppm reactive dye Evercion yellow 1X, the effects of 0.5 mM SA and 0.5 mM hesperidin on duckweed (L. minor L.) were examined in this study. The use of 0.5 mM SA against stress boosted the activities of peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Additionally, total glutathione (GSH), total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content were altered by SA treatment. Similar to the SA application, the application of HES was effective in lowering stress. Lipid peroxidation content measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to be higher than the control groups. Results suggest that SA plays a positive role in L. minor against Evercion yellow 1X.Öğe Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Helichrysum arenarium Extracts: A Comprehensive LC-MS/MS and Antioxidant Analysis(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2025) Ugur, Yilmaz; Guzel, AbdussamatHelichrysum arenarium, commonly known as the immortal or everlasting flower, is a member of the Asteraceae family celebrated for its potential medicinal properties. This study aims to elucidate the phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of H. arenarium using advanced analytical techniques. Methanol extract of H. arenarium was Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify and quantify various phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile revealed high concentrations of luteolin (744.57 mg 100-1 g-1), quercetin (113.13 mg 100-1 g-1), and naringenin (229.60 mg 100-1 g-1), while other compounds were below the limit of quantification. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, showing moderate activity compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, and Trolox. The methanol extract exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 19.14% and 26.91%, respectively, with FRAP and CUPRAC absorbance values of 0.441 and 0.653. These findings highlight the potential of H. arenarium as a source of natural antioxidants and pave the way for future research to optimize its therapeutic applications, especially in combating oxidative stress-related conditions.Öğe Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and related variables in children with specific learning disabilities(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Akkus, Serdar; Cicek, Ayla Uzun; Ucuz, Ilknur; Isik, Cansu MercanPurpose: Psychiatric comorbidity is more common in specific learning disabilities (SLDs) than in the general population. It is extremely common. Psychiatric disorders associated with SLD cause more cognitive, social, and emotional difficulties, further impair functionality and worsen prognosis. This study aimed to examine the frequency of psychiatric comorbidity and the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables associated with comorbidity in children with SLD. Materials and Methods: This study included 226 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years who were diagnosed with specific learning disabilities and who applied to our outpatient clinic between March 2021 and August 2021. A battery of tests was administered to all participants, including the Reading Test, Writing Test, Mathematics Test, Clock Drawing Test, Head Right-Left Discrimination Test, and Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Perception Test. In addition, the Kent-EGY Test-Porteus Maze Test (PMT) or the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) were administered. A semi-structured diagnostic interview was conducted with the participants and their parents to investigate the presence of any psychopathology in the past and present (Turkish version of the Turkish version of the Schedule for the Interview for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (DSM-5-K-SADSPL-DSM-5-T) was applied. Results: There was at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder in 81.4% of the participants. The most common comorbid disorder was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with a frequency of 73.5%. Other common disorders were disruptive behavior disorders, elimination disorders, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and tobacco use disorders. Severe types of SLD were more common in those with psychiatric comorbidities, and the mean age was significantly higher than in those without. Conclusion: Being aware of the psychiatric comorbidity that children with SLD are called to face is essential for drawing up proper standards of assessment, hence ensuring these children have personalized psychiatric care and enhancing their quality of life.
