Design, synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of novel Ag (I)-NHC complexes based on 1,3-dioxane ligand

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dc.contributor.authorUlu, Oznur Dogan
dc.contributor.authorKurucay, Ali
dc.contributor.authorGumushan, Ilkay Yildirim
dc.contributor.authorOzdemir, Namik
dc.contributor.authorAtes, Burhan
dc.contributor.authorOzdemir, Ismail
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:35:00Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:35:00Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractHerein, a series of new Ag(I)-NHC complexes containing 1,3-dioxane group were synthesized by the direct reaction of Ag2O and benzimidazolium salts in light-free conditions. All Ag(I)-NHC complexes were spectrally characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS, and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of compounds 1a and 1e were elucidated by the single X-ray diffraction techniques. Further, the synthesized Ag(I)-NHC complexes were evaluated for cytotoxicity study on the L-929 cells and the anticancer activity against the HCT 116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Notably, 1a showed significant anticancer activity against HCT 116 with an IC50 of 6.37 f 0.92 mu g/mL compared to cisplatin (IC50 = 36.75 f 1.76 mu g/mL). 1c (IC50 = 3.21 f 1.96 mu g/mL) and 1e (IC50 = 3.72 f 1.12 mu g/mL) exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells and was similar to cisplatin (IC50 = 32.17 f 2.85 mu g/mL). Meanwhile, 1a and 1e displayed the highest selectivity index. Most importantly, the cell viability test showed that 1e induced neglectable cytotoxicity (IC50 = 36.38 f 2.27 mu g/mL) toward L-929 and was similar to cisplatin (IC50 = 36.11 f 2.09 mu g/mL). The anticancer activities of Ag(I)-NHC complexes vary depending on the substituent group of the silver complex and the cell line type. Moreover, the inhibitory mechanism of 1e was not dependent on caspase-associated apoptosis initiated by the lysosomalmitochondrial pathway. Taken together, we conclude that this work provides a simple and rapid protocol for the synthesis of Ag(I)-NHC complexes and the featured Ag(I)-NHC complexes have an anticancer drug potential for biomedical applications.
dc.description.sponsorshipInonu University [FBG-2021-2562]; Ondokuz Mayis University [PYO.FEN.1906.19.001]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors appreciate the funding support of the Inonu University (Project number: FBG-2021-2562) and Ondokuz Mayis University (Project number: PYO.FEN.1906.19.001).
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112719
dc.identifier.issn0162-0134
dc.identifier.issn1873-3344
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3371-9874
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7423-5043
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6325-0216
dc.identifier.pmid39236445
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85203018975
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112719
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109531
dc.identifier.volume261
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001308217500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Science Inc
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Inorganic Biochemistry
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectN -heterocyclic carbene
dc.subjectBenzimidazole-2-ylidine
dc.subjectSilver
dc.subjectMTT assay
dc.subjectAnticancer
dc.titleDesign, synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of novel Ag (I)-NHC complexes based on 1,3-dioxane ligand
dc.typeArticle

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