Assessing the impact of antiviral drugs commonly utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis

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dc.contributor.authorLacin, Cemal
dc.contributor.authorTurhan, Duygu Ozhan
dc.contributor.authorGungordu, Abbas
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T20:55:57Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T20:55:57Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe antiviral drugs favipiravir and oseltamivir are widely used to treat viral infections, including coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and their levels are expected to increase in the aquatic environment. In this study, the potential toxic and teratogenic effects of these drugs were evaluated using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX). In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase, carboxylesterase (CaE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels were measured as biochemical markers in embryos and tadpoles for comparative assessment of the sublethal effects of the test compounds. Prior to embryo exposure, drug concentrations in the exposure medium were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) was 137.9 and 32.3 mg/L for favipiravir and oseltamivir, respectively. The teratogenic index for favipiravir was 4.67. Both favipiravir and oseltamivir inhibited GR, CaE, and AChE activities in embryos, while favipiravir increased the GST and CaE activities in tadpoles. In conclusion, favipiravir, for which teratogenicity data are available in mammalian test organisms and human teratogenicity is controversial, inhibited Xenopus laevis embryo development and was teratogenic. In addition, sublethal concentrations of both drugs altered the biochemical responses in embryos and tadpoles, with differences between the developmental stages.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipInonu University Research Fund [FYL-2022/2946]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by the Inonu University Research Fund (project no.: FYL-2022/2946) . The authors wish to thank the supporting institution.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134462
dc.identifier.issn0304-3894
dc.identifier.issn1873-3336
dc.identifier.pmid38718506en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85192136033en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134462
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/101964
dc.identifier.volume472en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001239790200001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Hazardous Materialsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectAntiviral drugsen_US
dc.subjectToxicityen_US
dc.subjectXenopus laevisen_US
dc.subjectBiomarkers COVID-19en_US
dc.titleAssessing the impact of antiviral drugs commonly utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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