İmparator Dıocletıanus dönemi: Siyasi olaylar ve reformlar (284-305)
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Roma imparatoru Diocletianus'un 284-305 yılları arasındaki yirmi bir yıllık egemenliği Roma tarihindeki önemli dönüm noktalarından biridir. 235 yılında başlayan ve imparatorluğun bir zayıflama dönemine girmesine neden olan elli yıllık kriz dönemi 284 yılında iktidara gelen Diocletianus'un icraatlarıyla sona ermiştir. Diocletianus'un iktidara geldiği dönemde Roma askerleri devlet yönetimi üzerinde benzersiz bir etkiye sahipti ve Diocletianus'un kendisi de Roma ordusunda yetişen bir askerdi. Diocletianus asker kökenli bir imparator olsa da iktidara geldiğinde geniş sınırları olan imparatorluğu tek başına yönetmenin zorluğunu görmüş olacak ki yönetim modelinde değişikliğe gitmiştir. 286-293 tarihleri arasında eş augustusu ile ikili yönetim modelinde devleti idare etmişken 293 tarihinden 305 tarihine kadar Roma İmparatorluğu'nda daha önce görülmeyen bir sistem olan ve Tetrarchia olarak bilinen dörtlü yönetim modelini uygulamıştır. Bu yönetim modelinin başında Diocletianus'un kendisi yer almaktaydı, diğer augustus ile caesarlar bu modelin uygulayıcılarıydı. Uyumlu bir dörtlü yönetim biçiminin oluşturulmasıyla, yarım yüzyıl yaşanan siyasi ve askeri bir kaostan sonra imparatorluğa yeniden istikrar kazandırdılar. Diocletianus ve caesarı Galerius imparatorluğun Doğu bölümünü idare ederken, eş Augustus Maximianus ve caesarı Constantius Chlorus imparatorluğun Batı bölümünü kontrol etmekteydi. Yönetimin dört yönetici arasında paylaşılmasıyla Roma İmparatorluğu'nun resmi olarak 395 yılında bölünmesine kadar imparatorluk ilk kez bu dönemde coğrafi açıdan ikiye bölünmüştür. Diocletianus, meslektaşlarının sorumluluk bölgelerinden kaynaklı olarak ikiye bölünen imparatorluğu geçmişteki krizin etkilerinden kurtarmak ve yeniden istikrar kazandırmak amacıyla pek çok reform girişiminde bulunmuştur. Yaşanan siyasi olaylarda üstünlük elde etmesiyle, imparatorluğun sınırlarını güvenceye almasıyla ve pek çok alanda gerçekleştirdiği düzenlemelerle esasen Constantinus'un güçlü yönetimine temel hazırlamış görünmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında Diocletianus'un Roma İmparatorluğu'na siyasi, idari, askeri, iktisadi, dini ve hukuki alanda ne derece de katkı yaptığı ve ne kadar etkili olduğu ortaya koyulacaktır. Çalışma sırasında antik yazarların eserleri, imparatorlara sunulan övgü metinleri gibi konuyla ilgili birincil kaynak niteliği taşıyan eserler temel alınmış olup tetkik eserlerden de istifade edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Diocletianus, Maximianus Herculius, Diarchia, Tetrarchia, Dominatus.
The twenty-one-year rule of Roman emperor Diocletian between 284 and 305 is one of the important turning points in Roman history. The fifty-year crisis period, which started in 235 and caused the empire to enter a period of weakening, was stopped by the activities of Diocletian, who came to power in 284. At the time when Diocletian came to power, Roman soldiers had a unique influence on state administration, and he himself was a soldier trained in the Roman army. Although Diocletian was an emperor of military origin, when he came to power, he must have seen the difficulty of managing the empire with its wide borders on his own, so he changed the management model of the state. While he governed the state in a dual government model with his co-emperor between 286 and 293, he implemented the management model of four emperors known as Tetrarchy, a system not seen before in the Roman Empire, from 293 to 305. Diocletian himself was at the head of this management model, and the other augustus and caesars were the implementers of this model. By establishing a harmonious tetrarchy, they restored stability to the empire after half a century of political and military chaos. While Diocletian and his caesar Galerius ruled the Eastern part of the empire, his co-emperor Maximianus and his caesar Constantius Chlorus controlled the Western part of the empire. The empire was divided geographically for the first time in this period until the official division of the Roman Empire in 395, when the administration was shared between the four rulers. Diocletian attempted many reforms in order to save the empire, which was divided into two due to the areas of responsibility of his colleagues, from the effects of the past crisis and to re-stabilize it. Diocletian seems to have laid the groundwork for Constantine's strong rule by gaining superiority in political events, securing the borders of the empire, and making arrangements in many areas. In this thesis, it will be revealed to what extent Diocletian contributed to the Roman Empire in the political, administrative, military, economic, religious and law fields and how effective he was. During the thesis study, the works of ancient authors, texts of praise to the emperors, primary sources on the subject were taken as basis, and modern research works were also used. Keywords: Diocletian, Maximian Herculius, Diarchy, Tetrarchy, Dominate.
The twenty-one-year rule of Roman emperor Diocletian between 284 and 305 is one of the important turning points in Roman history. The fifty-year crisis period, which started in 235 and caused the empire to enter a period of weakening, was stopped by the activities of Diocletian, who came to power in 284. At the time when Diocletian came to power, Roman soldiers had a unique influence on state administration, and he himself was a soldier trained in the Roman army. Although Diocletian was an emperor of military origin, when he came to power, he must have seen the difficulty of managing the empire with its wide borders on his own, so he changed the management model of the state. While he governed the state in a dual government model with his co-emperor between 286 and 293, he implemented the management model of four emperors known as Tetrarchy, a system not seen before in the Roman Empire, from 293 to 305. Diocletian himself was at the head of this management model, and the other augustus and caesars were the implementers of this model. By establishing a harmonious tetrarchy, they restored stability to the empire after half a century of political and military chaos. While Diocletian and his caesar Galerius ruled the Eastern part of the empire, his co-emperor Maximianus and his caesar Constantius Chlorus controlled the Western part of the empire. The empire was divided geographically for the first time in this period until the official division of the Roman Empire in 395, when the administration was shared between the four rulers. Diocletian attempted many reforms in order to save the empire, which was divided into two due to the areas of responsibility of his colleagues, from the effects of the past crisis and to re-stabilize it. Diocletian seems to have laid the groundwork for Constantine's strong rule by gaining superiority in political events, securing the borders of the empire, and making arrangements in many areas. In this thesis, it will be revealed to what extent Diocletian contributed to the Roman Empire in the political, administrative, military, economic, religious and law fields and how effective he was. During the thesis study, the works of ancient authors, texts of praise to the emperors, primary sources on the subject were taken as basis, and modern research works were also used. Keywords: Diocletian, Maximian Herculius, Diarchy, Tetrarchy, Dominate.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
