Irrigation and yield parameters of soybean as effected by irrigation management, soil compaction and nitrogen fertilization
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Tarih
2013
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Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
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Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Öz: Bu çalışmada, Harran Ovası koşullarında yetiştirilen ikinci ürün soyada sürekli ve alternatif karık işletim biçimine göre sulanan, üç farklı sıkışma düzeyinde (kontrol, düşük sıkışma ve yüksek sıkışma) ve üç farklı azot seviyesinde (6, 9, 12 kg da-1) sulama parametreleri (referans bitki su tüketimi, gerçek bitki su tüketimi, sulama suyu miktarı, su kullanım etkinliği, sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği, bitki su tüketim katsayısı, toprak neminde bitki su tüketimi-sulama suyu miktarına ve toprak sıkışmasına bağlı değişim) ve verim parametreleri (tohum verimi, 1000-dane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi) araştırılmıştır. Denemeler Şanlıurfa’da bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak 2006 ve 2007 üretim yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Sulama programı KanSched simülasyon modeline göre yapılmıştır. Sürekli ve alternatif karık sulama işletim biçimine göre sulanan bitkilerde uygulanan sulama suyu miktarı sırayla 2006 yılı için 435.61 ve 292.59 mm, 2007 yılı için ise sırayla 429.51 ve 271.72 mm olarak ölçülmüştür. ET değerleri artan toprak sıkışıklığıyla birlikte azalmış, en yüksek ET değeri 568 mm ile kontrol konusundan elde edilirken en düşük ET değeri 240 mm ile yüksek sıkışma konusundan elde edilmiştir. Sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği uygulanan su azaldıkça artmıştır ve elde edilen değerler su kullanım etkinliği değerlerinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. 2006 yılında en yüksek tohum verimi 94.78 kg da-1 ile kontrol konusunda, 2007 yılında ise 209.93 kg da-1 ile sürekli karık konusunda elde edilmiştir. Deneme sonuçları KanSched sulama modelinin sulama zamanı ve miktarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabileceğini fakat modelde kullanılacak bitki katsayılarının iklim koşullarına uygun olarak belirlenmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçları aynı zamanda tarım topraklarında trafikten veya başka sebeplerle meydana gelen toprak sıkışmasının etkilerinin iyi bir sulama programı ve gübreleme ile azaltılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, yüksek sıkışma oranlarında verim kayıpları % 45 seviyelerine kadar çıkabilir.
Abstract: Irrigation parameters (reference crop evapotranspiration, actual plant water use, amount of irrigation water, water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency, plant water consumption coefficient, variations in soil moisture based on plant water consumption-amount of irrigation water) and yield parameters (seed yield, 1000-kernel weight, harvest index) were investigated for soybean grown in Harran Plain under conventional every-furrow and alternate-furrow irrigation management systems, three different compaction levels (control without compaction, low compaction, high compaction) and three different nitrogen levels (6, 9, 12 kg da-1). Experiments were carried out during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons in Şanlıurfa, Turkey in split-split plots experimental design with 3 replications. Irrigation program was created by KanSched simulation model. The amount of applied irrigation water in conventional and alternate furrow systems in 2006 and 2007 were measured as 435.61 and 291.59 mm, and 429.51 and 271.72 mm, respectively. ET values decreased with increasing compaction levels. The highest ET value (568 mm) was observed in non-compacted control treatment and the lowest value (240 mm) in high-compaction treatment. Irrigation water use efficiency increased with decreased irrigation water and the values were higher than water use efficiencies. While the highest yield (94.78 kg da-1) was observed in control treatment of the year 2006, conventional furrow system had the highest yield (209.93 kg da-1) in the year 2007. While effects of compaction and irrigation on harvest index were insignificant, nitrogen doses were found to be significant. Results revealed that KanSched irrigation model could be used for irrigation scheduling but plant coefficients to be used in the model should be determined properly based on climate conditions. Negative impacts of soil compaction in agricultural fields due to traffic and various other reasons can be eliminated with proper irrigation and fertilization implementations. However, yield losses at high-compaction levels may reach up to 45%.
Abstract: Irrigation parameters (reference crop evapotranspiration, actual plant water use, amount of irrigation water, water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency, plant water consumption coefficient, variations in soil moisture based on plant water consumption-amount of irrigation water) and yield parameters (seed yield, 1000-kernel weight, harvest index) were investigated for soybean grown in Harran Plain under conventional every-furrow and alternate-furrow irrigation management systems, three different compaction levels (control without compaction, low compaction, high compaction) and three different nitrogen levels (6, 9, 12 kg da-1). Experiments were carried out during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons in Şanlıurfa, Turkey in split-split plots experimental design with 3 replications. Irrigation program was created by KanSched simulation model. The amount of applied irrigation water in conventional and alternate furrow systems in 2006 and 2007 were measured as 435.61 and 291.59 mm, and 429.51 and 271.72 mm, respectively. ET values decreased with increasing compaction levels. The highest ET value (568 mm) was observed in non-compacted control treatment and the lowest value (240 mm) in high-compaction treatment. Irrigation water use efficiency increased with decreased irrigation water and the values were higher than water use efficiencies. While the highest yield (94.78 kg da-1) was observed in control treatment of the year 2006, conventional furrow system had the highest yield (209.93 kg da-1) in the year 2007. While effects of compaction and irrigation on harvest index were insignificant, nitrogen doses were found to be significant. Results revealed that KanSched irrigation model could be used for irrigation scheduling but plant coefficients to be used in the model should be determined properly based on climate conditions. Negative impacts of soil compaction in agricultural fields due to traffic and various other reasons can be eliminated with proper irrigation and fertilization implementations. However, yield losses at high-compaction levels may reach up to 45%.
Açıklama
Yıl: 2013Cilt: 19Sayı: 4ISSN: 1300-7580 / 2148-9297Sayfa Aralığı: 297 - 309Metin Dili:İngilizce
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynak
Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
19
Sayı
4
Künye
KIRNAK H,DOĞAN E,ÇOPUR O,GÖKALP Z (2013). Irrigation and yield parameters of soybean as effected by irrigation management, soil compaction and nitrogen fertilization. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(4), 297 - 309.
