Insights Into the Almond Domestication History

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dc.contributor.authorDecroocq, Stephane
dc.contributor.authorCornille, Amandine
dc.contributor.authorDlalah, Naima
dc.contributor.authorDuval, Henri
dc.contributor.authorTricon, David
dc.contributor.authorQuilot, Benedicte
dc.contributor.authorKhalid, Wisam K.
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:33:22Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:33:22Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractUnderstanding crop domestication offers crucial insights into the evolutionary processes that drive population divergence and adaptation. It also informs the identification of genetically diverse wild germplasm, which is essential for breeding and conservation efforts. While domestication has been extensively studied in many Mediterranean fruit trees, the evolutionary history of the almond (Prunus dulcis) remains comparatively underexplored. To address this, we analyzed 209 wild and cultivated almond accessions sampled across Eurasia and genotyped with 23 microsatellite markers. Using population genetics and coalescent-based inference, we reconstructed the domestication history of P. dulcis and its relationships with wild relatives. Bayesian clustering revealed four genetically distinct clusters of cultivated almonds: Turkish, Caucasian-Central Asian, Southern Spanish, and European/North American. These groups were differentiated from wild almond species-including Prunus turcomanica, Prunus orientalis, Prunus fenzliana, and Prunus spinosissima-each forming its gene pool across the Middle East and Central Asia. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) supported a single domestication event in the Middle East, originating from either P. orientalis or P. turcomanica, with subsequent gene flow from P. fenzliana and P. spinosissima into the Turkish and Central Asian cultivated gene pools, respectively. We also inferred reciprocal introgression from cultivated almonds back into wild populations. Notably, sharka resistance-caused by plum pox virus (PPV)-was identified in three P. dulcis clusters and P. fenzliana, suggesting that resistance may have arisen independently or been maintained through crop-wild introgression. Together, our results highlight a complex and protracted domestication history for almond, shaped by contributions from multiple wild relatives and recurrent gene flow. These findings enhance our understanding of perennial crop evolution and underscore the value of wild germplasm in breeding programs aimed at increasing resilience in fruit trees.
dc.description.sponsorshipMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
dc.description.sponsorshipWe acknowledge funding from the FP7 MCSA STONE, PRIMA (FREECLIMB ANR-18-PRIM-000, 10.13039/100014439), the Grant PCI2019-103670 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and co-financed by the European Union, and the current support from Horizon Europe (FRUITDIV 101133964) project. European FP7 IFPT-PEOPLE-2009-PIRSES STONE (246795).
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/eva.70150
dc.identifier.issn1752-4571
dc.identifier.issue9
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5741-3143
dc.identifier.pmid40901495
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105014804119
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70150
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109104
dc.identifier.volume18
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001563636200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofEvolutionary Applications
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectalmonds
dc.subjectdomestication
dc.subjectfruit trees
dc.subjectgene flow
dc.subjectgenetic resources
dc.subjectMediterranean Basin
dc.subjectPrunus
dc.subjectsharka
dc.subjectvirus
dc.titleInsights Into the Almond Domestication History
dc.typeArticle

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