Aydınlanmacılığa yönelik postmodern eleştirinin muhafazakâr eleştirideki gizil temelleri
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Tarih
2021
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Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Siyasal düşünceler tarihinde kendisine yer edinebilmiş hiçbir felsefi akım temelsiz ya da başka bir ifadeyle geçmişle ilişkisiz değildir. Her biri kendinden önce ortaya çıkan bir akımla veya akımlarla kendine özgü bir ilişki kurar. Bu çalışmanın ana konusu da Aydınlanma Felsefesine yöneltilmiş muhafazakâr ve postmodern eleştiriler arasındaki tematik ilişkidir. Sözü edilen felsefi ve siyasi ilişkinin açıklığa kavuşturulabilmesi için her iki eleştirel akımdan da üçer örnek-filozof seçilmiş, seçilen isimlerin (siyaset) felsefeleri en belirgin özellikleriyle mercek altına alınmıştır. Muhafazakâr üçlü Edmund Burke, David Hume ve Adam Smith iken postmodern üçlü Michel Foucault, Richard Rorty ve Chantal Mouffe'dur. Neticede, muhafazakârlık ile postmodernizm arasındaki münasebetin, kendisini en çok modern kurucu siyasal akılcılığın eleştirisinde gösterdiği kanısına varılmıştır. Diğer bir deyişle postmodernizmin kullanılmaya hazır temellerinin bir kısmı muhafazakârlığın siyasal aklında bulunabilir. Tabii ki bu bağlantı, hangi muhafazakârlıktan veyahut hangi postmodernizmden bahsedildiğine göre zayıflayabilmekte ya da güçlenebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, çalışmadan çıkarılan başka bir sonuç ise Aydınlanma felsefesine yöneltilmiş postmodern eleştirinin, Aydınlanmadan bu yana süregelen modernliğe dâhil olduğudur. Çünkü Aydınlanmanın eleştirisi radikalleşmemiş hâliyle, modernliğin kendi bünyesinde zaten mevcuttur.
No philosophical movement that has taken its place in the history of political thought is unfounded or, in other words, unrelated to the past. Each of them establishes a unique relationship with a trend or trends that emerged before it. The main subject of this study is the thematic relationship between conservative and postmodern criticisms directed towards the Philosophy of Enlightenment. In order to clarify the mentioned philosophical and political relationship, three philosophers from each of the two critical movements were chosen, and the (political) philosophies of the chosen names were examined with their most distinctive features. The conservative trio is composed of Edmund Burke, David Hume and Adam Smith, while the postmodern trio is composed of Michel Foucault, Richard Rorty and Chantal Mouffe. As a result, it has been concluded that the relationship between conservatism and postmodernism manifests itself most in the criticism of modern constructivist political rationality. In other words, some of the ready-to-use foundations of postmodernism can be found in the political mind of conservatism. Of course, this connection may weaken or strengthen depending on which conservatism or which postmodernism is mentioned. In addition to this, another conclusion drawn from the study is that the postmodern criticism of the Philosophy of Enlightenment is included in ongoing modernity which has born in the Age of Enlightenment. Because, criticism of the Enlightenment, in its non-radicalized state, is already present in modernity itself.
No philosophical movement that has taken its place in the history of political thought is unfounded or, in other words, unrelated to the past. Each of them establishes a unique relationship with a trend or trends that emerged before it. The main subject of this study is the thematic relationship between conservative and postmodern criticisms directed towards the Philosophy of Enlightenment. In order to clarify the mentioned philosophical and political relationship, three philosophers from each of the two critical movements were chosen, and the (political) philosophies of the chosen names were examined with their most distinctive features. The conservative trio is composed of Edmund Burke, David Hume and Adam Smith, while the postmodern trio is composed of Michel Foucault, Richard Rorty and Chantal Mouffe. As a result, it has been concluded that the relationship between conservatism and postmodernism manifests itself most in the criticism of modern constructivist political rationality. In other words, some of the ready-to-use foundations of postmodernism can be found in the political mind of conservatism. Of course, this connection may weaken or strengthen depending on which conservatism or which postmodernism is mentioned. In addition to this, another conclusion drawn from the study is that the postmodern criticism of the Philosophy of Enlightenment is included in ongoing modernity which has born in the Age of Enlightenment. Because, criticism of the Enlightenment, in its non-radicalized state, is already present in modernity itself.
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Kargıoğlu, F, (2021), Aydınlanmacılığa yönelik postmodern eleştirinin muhafazakâr eleştirideki gizil temelleri, İnönü Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmış, Doktora Tezi, Malatya
