Quantitative Assessment of Extrinsic Tongue Muscle Stiffness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Shear Wave Elastography

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dc.contributor.authorUlubaba, Hilal Er
dc.contributor.authorDag, Nurullah
dc.contributor.authorTasolar, Sevgi Demiroz
dc.contributor.authorCiftci, Rukiye
dc.contributor.authorErmis, Hilal
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:31:09Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:31:09Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground/Objectives: This study aimed to quantitatively and noninvasively evaluate the changes in the Genioglossus (GG) and Geniohyoid (GH) muscles in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) using ultrasonography (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods: This prospective study included 94 adults (18-73 years) who underwent polysomnography (27 normal; 67 OSA). GG and GH muscle thickness was measured with US, and stiffness with SWE. Participants were grouped as non-OSA (Group 0) and OSA (Group 1). OSA patients were further divided by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) into mild, moderate, and severe (Groups 1-3), forming four groups including controls. Results: No significant differences were observed in genioglossus or geniohyoid muscle thickness between groups. Shear wave elastography revealed significantly higher stiffness values for both the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles bilaterally in OSA patients compared with non-OSA individuals (approximately 2.7 m/s vs. 2.4-2.5 m/s, p < 0.01). Geniohyoid muscle stiffness on both sides increased progressively with OSA severity, with significantly higher values in severe compared with mild OSA (p < 0.05). In contrast, genioglossus stiffness did not differ significantly across OSA severity subgroups. Conclusions: In patients with OSA, GH and GG muscle thickness remains unchanged, but their stiffness measured by SWE increases. GH stiffness also rises with increasing disease severity. These results indicate that GG and GH muscle stiffness may serve as useful noninvasive markers for OSA.
dc.description.sponsorshipInonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [2025/4385]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research was financially supported by the Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Grant No.: 2025/4385).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/diagnostics16010087
dc.identifier.issn2075-4418
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2124-4525
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9836-6814
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9342-0244
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5894-5256
dc.identifier.pmid41515580
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105027234605
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16010087
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108604
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001658675800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofDiagnostics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectobstructive sleep apnea
dc.subjectgenioglossus muscle
dc.subjectgeniohyoid muscle
dc.subjectultrasonography
dc.subjectshear wave elastography
dc.titleQuantitative Assessment of Extrinsic Tongue Muscle Stiffness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Shear Wave Elastography
dc.typeArticle

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