Hâkim parti sistemi: Dünyadan örnekler ve Türkiye
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmada, bir partinin; rekabetçi seçimler sonucu parti sistemindeki diğer partiler karşısında belirli bir dönem hükümet etme süresinin uzunluğu sayesinde hâkim parti olarak konumlanmasıyla ortaya çıkan hâkim parti sistemi ele alınmaktadır. Hâkim partilerin neden ve nasıl ortaya çıktıkları; hâkim parti konumunu nasıl sürdükleri araştırmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada karşılaştırmalı araştırma yönteminden yararlanılarak, teorik çerçeve oluşturulurken dünyadaki tüm hâkim parti örneklerine değinilmekle birlikte özelde İsveç, Japonya ve Türkiye örnekleri incelenmektedir. Araştırmada öncelikle temsili demokrasi, parti sistemleri ve hâkim parti sistemine ilişkin bilgiler verilmektedir. Daha sonra İsveç'te SDP'nin 44 yıl, Japonya'da LDP'nin 38 yıl üstünlüklerine dayalı olarak hâkim parti konumunu elde etmelerinde etkili olan faktörler incelenmektedir. Hem teorik çerçeve hem de tarihsel iki örneğin detaylı olarak ele alınmasından sonra Türkiye'de 2002 sonrası AK Parti'nin hâkim parti olarak konumlanmasına olanak sağlayan faktörlere değinilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, çalışma, giriş kısmında ayrıntılı olarak belirtilen hipotezleri test etmeyi de amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen örnekler içerisinde hâkim parti konumunun elde edilmesi ve sürdürülmesinde bazı ortak özelliklere rastlanmıştır. Sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal krizler sonrası iktidara gelen hâkim partiler bu krizleri sonlandırabildikleri oranda gelecek seçimleri güvenceye alabilmektedir. Seçim sisteminin orantısızlık derecesi, muhalefet partileri arasındaki derin bölünmeler, en geniş seçmeni çekebilecek esnek parti yapısı, seçmen-parti bağını canlı tutacak ve seçim zamanları seçmeni seferber edebilecek örgütsel güç yanında sosyo-ekonomik gruplarla yakın ilişki ile parti liderinin hâkim partilere avantaj sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak her ülkenin kendine özgü koşullarından dolayı ortak faktörlerin etkisinin aynı derecede görülmediğini ifade etmek gerekir. SDP ve LDP örneğinde parti hâkimiyetinin kazanılması sürecinde partilerin örgütsel gücü ve sosyo-ekonomik grup desteği öne çıkarken AK Parti örneğinde parti liderinin belirleyiciliği söz konusudur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Parti Sistemi, Hâkim Parti Sistemi, Türkiye, Japonya, İsveç
This research is handled predominant party system which has emerged by positioning as a predominant party of a party based on length of time of government for a given period as a result of competitive elections against other parties within the party system. Why and how the predominant parties have emerged and how they maintain this position of the predominant party is the focus of this research. This research is prepared based on the comparative research method along with analyzing all the world's predominant party samples, particularly in Sweden, Japan, and Turkey, as an implementation of the theoretical framework. In this frame, research, firstly, provides information about representative democracy, party systems, and the predominant party system. Secondly, the factors which were determinant in achieving the position of the predominant party for the precedence of SDP's 44 years in Sweden and LDP's 38 years in Japan are analyzed. After both historical and theoretical framework of two examples is discussed in detail, the factors which have allowed the AK Party to be the predominant party in Turkey since 2002 are examined. In this context, the study also aims to test the hypotheses detailed in the introduction. As a result of the research, some common characteristics among the samples examined were found in obtaining and maintaining the predominant party position. The predominant parties that came to power after the social, economic and political crises can secure future elections if they can end these crises. The degree of the disproportion of the electoral system, the deep divisions between the opposition parties, the flexible party structure capable of attracting the largest electorate, the organizational power and the leader who could mobilize the electorate-party connection and mobilize the electorate were observed to have an advantage for the predominant parties. However, it should be noted that the effects of common factors were not seen to the same degree due to the unique conditions of each country. In the process of gaining party dominance in the case of SDP and LDP, the organizational strength of the parties and the support of socio-economic groups stand out, whereas, in the case of AK Party, the party leader is determined. Keywords: Party System, Predominant Party System, Turkey, Japan, Sweden
This research is handled predominant party system which has emerged by positioning as a predominant party of a party based on length of time of government for a given period as a result of competitive elections against other parties within the party system. Why and how the predominant parties have emerged and how they maintain this position of the predominant party is the focus of this research. This research is prepared based on the comparative research method along with analyzing all the world's predominant party samples, particularly in Sweden, Japan, and Turkey, as an implementation of the theoretical framework. In this frame, research, firstly, provides information about representative democracy, party systems, and the predominant party system. Secondly, the factors which were determinant in achieving the position of the predominant party for the precedence of SDP's 44 years in Sweden and LDP's 38 years in Japan are analyzed. After both historical and theoretical framework of two examples is discussed in detail, the factors which have allowed the AK Party to be the predominant party in Turkey since 2002 are examined. In this context, the study also aims to test the hypotheses detailed in the introduction. As a result of the research, some common characteristics among the samples examined were found in obtaining and maintaining the predominant party position. The predominant parties that came to power after the social, economic and political crises can secure future elections if they can end these crises. The degree of the disproportion of the electoral system, the deep divisions between the opposition parties, the flexible party structure capable of attracting the largest electorate, the organizational power and the leader who could mobilize the electorate-party connection and mobilize the electorate were observed to have an advantage for the predominant parties. However, it should be noted that the effects of common factors were not seen to the same degree due to the unique conditions of each country. In the process of gaining party dominance in the case of SDP and LDP, the organizational strength of the parties and the support of socio-economic groups stand out, whereas, in the case of AK Party, the party leader is determined. Keywords: Party System, Predominant Party System, Turkey, Japan, Sweden
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Aksu, Hüseyin (2020). Hâkim parti sistemi: Dünyadan örnekler ve Türkiye. Yayımlanmış Doktora tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.1-364 ss.
