SİYASET ÜTOPYALARINDA DEVLET
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Öz: Ütopyalar, her ne kadar çeşitli eleştiriler almış ve gerçekleşme imkânı olmayan teoriler gibi görülse de, insanların geleceğe dair kurguları, ideal olanın tasviri, bir yönüyle yazıldığı dönemin eleştirisi olması ve filozofların epistemolojilerini de yansıtmaları dolayısıyla, siyaset felsefesinin önemli bir türüdür. Felsefe tarihinde, siyaset felsefesi ile ilgili, bilinen ilk ütopya, Platon’un Devlet isimli eseridir. Platon’dan bugüne -içerik açısından, siyaset ütopyaları, korku ütopyaları, tarihi ütopyalar vb. farklı isim ve türde tasnif edilen- birçok ütopya kaleme alınmıştır. Devletin oluşumu, onun görev ve yetkileri, halk-devlet ilişkisi, devleti yöneten kişilerde bulunması gereken özellikler, devletin temel unsurları ve bunların görevleri vb. konular siyaset felsefesinin temel konularıdır. İnsanoğlu neden hep bir toplum meydana getirme eğiliminde olmuştur? Birey sahip olduğu özgürlüğünü, kendi iradesiyle, niçin başkalarına karşı kısıtlamıştır? Toplumu yönetecek olan kişi veya kişiler hangi meziyetlere sahiptir ya da sahip olmalıdır ki, kendi aleyhine olan durumlarda bile, insanlar onlara itaat etsinler? Yönetim modelleri içerisinde, toplumun mutluluğunu sağlayacak olan ideal yönetim modeli hangisidir? Devletin temel unsurlarından olan yasalar ve ordu için temel kriterler nelerdir? İdeal toplumun oluşmasında halk ve yönetici ikilisinden hangisi ötekisini öncelemektedir? Bu çalışma, bu ve benzeri soruların cevaplarını siyaset ütopyaları bağlamında ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Zira filozofların reel durumdan hareketle yazdıkları siyaset felsefesine dair eserlerdeki görüşleri ile ideal olanın tasvir edildiği ütopyalardaki görüşleri birbirinden farklılık arz edebilmektedir. Bunun en güzel örneği Platon’un Devlet ve Yasalar isimli iki eserindeki bazı görüşlerindeki farklardır.
Öz: Although utopias are considered as theories that are criticized in various ways, and are considered unlikely to happen, they are still an important form of political philosophy as they reflect the fictions of people about the future, the depiction of the ideal one, the critique of the period in which they were written, and the epistemology of philosophers. In the history of philosophy, the first known utopia about political philosophy is the work of Plato named “the State”. Many utopias -which were classified in different names and types in terms of contents as political utopias, utopias of fear, historical utopias, etc.- have been written since Plato. The formation of the state, its duties and powers, the state-public relation, the characteristics that must be present in the people who are governing the state, the basic elements of the state, and their duties, etc. are the main fields of political philosophy. Why have human beings always had the tendency to create a society? Why have the individuals restricted their freedom against others with their own will? What virtues do the people or people who govern society have or what virtues should they have so that people obey them even in situations that are against their interests? What is the ideal management model that will ensure the happiness of the community among the management models? What are the basic criteria for the laws and the military, which are the basic elements of the state? Which one does prioritize the other, the people or the governors in the formation of the ideal society? This study aims to determine the answers to these and similar questions in the context of political utopias. Because the opinions of philosophers in their works written on political philosophy based on the real situation and their opinions in utopias where the ideal is depicted might differ from each other. The most beautiful example for this is the differences in some of the opinions of Plato that can be found in his two works, “the State” and “the Laws”.
Öz: Although utopias are considered as theories that are criticized in various ways, and are considered unlikely to happen, they are still an important form of political philosophy as they reflect the fictions of people about the future, the depiction of the ideal one, the critique of the period in which they were written, and the epistemology of philosophers. In the history of philosophy, the first known utopia about political philosophy is the work of Plato named “the State”. Many utopias -which were classified in different names and types in terms of contents as political utopias, utopias of fear, historical utopias, etc.- have been written since Plato. The formation of the state, its duties and powers, the state-public relation, the characteristics that must be present in the people who are governing the state, the basic elements of the state, and their duties, etc. are the main fields of political philosophy. Why have human beings always had the tendency to create a society? Why have the individuals restricted their freedom against others with their own will? What virtues do the people or people who govern society have or what virtues should they have so that people obey them even in situations that are against their interests? What is the ideal management model that will ensure the happiness of the community among the management models? What are the basic criteria for the laws and the military, which are the basic elements of the state? Which one does prioritize the other, the people or the governors in the formation of the ideal society? This study aims to determine the answers to these and similar questions in the context of political utopias. Because the opinions of philosophers in their works written on political philosophy based on the real situation and their opinions in utopias where the ideal is depicted might differ from each other. The most beautiful example for this is the differences in some of the opinions of Plato that can be found in his two works, “the State” and “the Laws”.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynak
Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
6
Sayı
11
Künye
ÖZTAŞ A (2019). SİYASET ÜTOPYALARINDA DEVLET. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(11), 1009 - 1042.
