Evaluation of Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Enzymatic Inhibitory Agents with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiparasitical and Antiproliferative Activity

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dc.authoridGurbuz, Nevin/0000-0003-3201-3597
dc.authoridAL NASR, IBRAHIM/0000-0003-4690-1050
dc.authoridOzdemir, Ismail/0000-0001-6325-0216
dc.authorwosidGurbuz, Nevin/A-3069-2016
dc.contributor.authorAl Nasr, Ibrahim S. S.
dc.contributor.authorKoko, Waleed S. S.
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Tariq A. A.
dc.contributor.authorGurbuz, Nevin
dc.contributor.authorOzdemir, Ismail
dc.contributor.authorHamdi, Naceur
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T20:53:25Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T20:53:25Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractA series of [RuCl2(p-cymene)(NHC)] complexes were obtained by reacting [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 with in situ generated Ag-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The structure of the obtained complexes was determined by the appropriate spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In addition, we evaluated the biological activities of these compounds as antienzymatic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiparasitic agents. The results revealed that complexes 3b and 3d were the most potent inhibitors against AchE with IC50 values of 2.52 and 5.06 mu M mL(-1). Additionally, 3d proved very good antimicrobial activity against all examined microorganisms with IZ (inhibition zone) over 25 mm and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) < 4 mu M. Additionally, the ligand 2a and its corresponding ruthenium (II) complex 3a had good cytotoxic activity against both cancer cells HCT-116 and HepG-2, with IC50 values of (7.76 and 11.76) and (4.12 and 9.21) mu M mL(-1), respectively. Evaluation of the antiparasitic activity of these complexes against Leishmania major promastigotes and Toxoplasma gondii showed that ruthenium complexes were more potent than the free ligand, with an IC50 values less than 1.5 mu M mL(-1). However, 3d was found the best one with SI (selectivity index) values greater than 5 so it seems to be the best candidate for antileishmanial drug discovery program, and much future research are recommended for mode of action and in vivo evaluation. In general, Ru-NHC complexes are the most effective against L. major promastigotes.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDeputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia [QU-IF-02-02-27782]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript except the suppot for the project number (QU-IF-02-02-27782) from Deputyship for Research& Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules28031359
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.pmid36771026en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85147893873en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031359
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/101172
dc.identifier.volume28en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000931083700001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofMoleculesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectN-Heterocyclic carbeneen_US
dc.subject5en_US
dc.subject6-dimethylbenzimidazolium saltsen_US
dc.subjectrutheniumen_US
dc.subjectHCT-116en_US
dc.subjectHepG-2en_US
dc.subjectantimicrobialen_US
dc.subjectantioxidanten_US
dc.subjectenzyme inhibitionen_US
dc.subjectLeishmaniaen_US
dc.subjectToxoplasmaen_US
dc.titleEvaluation of Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Enzymatic Inhibitory Agents with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiparasitical and Antiproliferative Activityen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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