Lakkaz üretimi ve ham kültür filtratının tekstil boyalarının renginin ve toksisitesinin gideriminde kullanımı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2008
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET Doktora tezi LAKKAZ ÜRETİMİ VE HAM KÜLTÜR FİLTRATININ TEKSTİL BOYALARININ RENGİNİN VE TOKSİSİTESİNİN GİDERİMİNDE KULLANIMI Nesrin ÖZMEN İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı 93+xii sayfa 2008 Danışman: Prof. Dr. Özfer YEŞİLADA Türkiye'nin tekstil ürünleri imalatı bakımından dünyada önemli bir yeri vardır. Tekstil endüstrisinde kullanılan bazı boyar maddelerin doğada yıkımı zor ve uzun zaman almaktadır. Bu nedenle bu endüstrinin atıksuyu çevresel bakımdan sucul ortamlarda önemli kirlilik sorunlarına yol açmaktadır. Bu sorunların çözümünde klasik uygulamalara alternatif olarak öne sürülen biyoteknolojik yaklaşımlar giderek daha ön plana çıkmakta, çevre dostu yöntemler geliştirilerek çevresel kirleticilerin ortamdan uzaklaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma farklı ortamlar ve süreçlerde lakkaz enzimi üretiminin yanı sıra, kullanılan substratlara bağlı olarak üretilecek lakkaz enziminin de değerlendirilebilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmalar temel olarak üç ana başlıkta toplanabilir. Öncelikle sucul ortamdan Astrazon mavi ve Astrazon siyah boyar maddeleri biyosorbsiyonla %75-95 oranında uzaklaştırılmış ve bu işlemde adsorban olarak kullanılan lignoselulozlu substratlar lakkaz enzimi üretiminde kullanılmıştır. İkinci olarak enzim üretimi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla fermantasyon ortamına buğday kepeği ve bakır eklenmiş, buna bağlı olarak hem kepek eklenen gruplarda hem de bakır eklenen gruplarda lakkaz aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Trametes versicolor ve Funalia trogii hücreleri aljinat jele tutuklanarak yapılan çalışmalarda, özellikle serbest ve tutuklanmış fungusların birlikte kullanıldığı karma kültürlerde lakkaz aktivitesinin dikkate değer oranda arttığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmaların üçüncü bölümünde ise, ham kültür filtratlarıyla (HKF) ve saf lakkazla (SL) muamele edilen, Reaktif mavi 19, Reaktif siyah 5 ve Reaktif mavi 198 boyalarının rengindeki değişim 24 saatlik peryotta spektrofotometrik olarak izlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, Reaktif mavi 19'un rengi, HFL ile %41, saf lakkazla %70 oranında giderilebilirken, reaktif siyah 5'in rengi HKF ile %30 ve SL ile %35, Reaktif mavi 198'in rengi ise HKF ile %56 ve SL ile %71 oranında giderilmiştir. Kullanılan boyar maddeler içerisinde Reaktif mavi 198, rengi en kolay açılan boya olmuştur. Rengi giderilen boya çözeltilerinin toksik etkileri, biyolüminesent bir bakteri olan Vibrio fischeri'nin biyoışıma yeteneğinin inhibisyonu esasına göre Mikrotoks testi ile belirlenmiştir. Buna göre renk gideriminden önce toksik olan Reaktif mavi 19'un toksisitesi, HKF uygulaması sonucunda çok az düzeyde artış gösterirken, SL uygulamasıyla da toksik etkide azalış meydana gelmiştir. Başlangıçta çok toksik olan Reaktif siyah 5'in toksisitesi, her iki uygulama sonucunda da artış göstermiştir. Reaktif mavi 198 için ise uygulamalardan önce ve sonra toksik bir etki gözlenmemiştir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: boyar madde, renk giderimi, beyaz çürükçül fungus, katı substrat fermantasyonu, kültür filtratı, lakkaz, mikrotoks
ABSTRACT PhD. Thesis PRODUCTION OF LACCASE AND USE OF CULTURE FILTRATE FOR THE DECOLORIZATION AND DETOXIFICATION OF TEXTILE DYES By Nesrin ÖZMEN A thesis sumitted to Department of Biology Institute of Natural Sciences Malatya, Turkey 93+xii pages 2008 Supervisor: Prof. Özfer YEŞİLADA (PhD) Turkey has a significant role in the world in terms of textile production. Some of the dye stuff used in the textile industry are persistent matter. Therefore, the wastewater produced from this industry has some pollution problems in the aquatic environment. In the recent years, alternative biotechnological methods are becoming more preferable to the classical applications and environmentally friendly methods are being developed for the removal of pollutants. This study aims, in addition to the production of laccase enzyme in different culture media and processes assess the usability of produced laccase depending on the used substrates. This study consists of three main sections. Initially, Astrazon blue and Astrazon black dyes were removed from aqueous environment by biosorption using lignocellulose as adsorbent in 75 to 95 %, then, these substrate were utilized for the production of laccase. Secondly, enzyme production studies were carried out. For this aim, wheat bran and copper were added to the fermentation media, and depending on this, the activities of enzyme on both bran and copper added experimental groups were investigated. Also, the cell of Trametes versicolor and Funalia trogii were adsorbed into alginate gels and it was determined that when free- and immobilized fungi mixture is used, laccase activities significantly increased. In the third section of the study, Reactive blue 19, Reactive black 5 and Reactive blue 198 dyes were exposed to both crude culture filtrate and pure (commercial) laccase enzyme and their color changes ratio were observed for 24 h period by spectrophotometrically. According to the results, while the color of Reactive blue 19 was decreased 41% with crude culter filtrate (CCF) and 70% while the with pure laccase (PL) the color of reactive black 5 was decreased 30% by CCF and 35% by PL. The color of reactive blue 198 was reduced to 56% by CCF and 71% by PL. It was found that Reactive blue 198 had the highest color change ratio. The toxic effects of decolorized dye solutions were determined by Microtox test which utilizes the inhibition characteristics of a biolumminescent bacteria, namely Vibrio fischeri. Accordingly, the toxicity of Reactive blue 19, showed very little increase after CCF application, while showing decrease with PL application. The toxicity of Reactive black 5, which was highly toxic initially, increased toxicity with both applications. There was no toxic effect for Reactive blue 198 before and after applications. KEYWORDS: dye, decolorization, white rot fungus, solid substrat fermentation, culture filtrate, laccase, microtox
ABSTRACT PhD. Thesis PRODUCTION OF LACCASE AND USE OF CULTURE FILTRATE FOR THE DECOLORIZATION AND DETOXIFICATION OF TEXTILE DYES By Nesrin ÖZMEN A thesis sumitted to Department of Biology Institute of Natural Sciences Malatya, Turkey 93+xii pages 2008 Supervisor: Prof. Özfer YEŞİLADA (PhD) Turkey has a significant role in the world in terms of textile production. Some of the dye stuff used in the textile industry are persistent matter. Therefore, the wastewater produced from this industry has some pollution problems in the aquatic environment. In the recent years, alternative biotechnological methods are becoming more preferable to the classical applications and environmentally friendly methods are being developed for the removal of pollutants. This study aims, in addition to the production of laccase enzyme in different culture media and processes assess the usability of produced laccase depending on the used substrates. This study consists of three main sections. Initially, Astrazon blue and Astrazon black dyes were removed from aqueous environment by biosorption using lignocellulose as adsorbent in 75 to 95 %, then, these substrate were utilized for the production of laccase. Secondly, enzyme production studies were carried out. For this aim, wheat bran and copper were added to the fermentation media, and depending on this, the activities of enzyme on both bran and copper added experimental groups were investigated. Also, the cell of Trametes versicolor and Funalia trogii were adsorbed into alginate gels and it was determined that when free- and immobilized fungi mixture is used, laccase activities significantly increased. In the third section of the study, Reactive blue 19, Reactive black 5 and Reactive blue 198 dyes were exposed to both crude culture filtrate and pure (commercial) laccase enzyme and their color changes ratio were observed for 24 h period by spectrophotometrically. According to the results, while the color of Reactive blue 19 was decreased 41% with crude culter filtrate (CCF) and 70% while the with pure laccase (PL) the color of reactive black 5 was decreased 30% by CCF and 35% by PL. The color of reactive blue 198 was reduced to 56% by CCF and 71% by PL. It was found that Reactive blue 198 had the highest color change ratio. The toxic effects of decolorized dye solutions were determined by Microtox test which utilizes the inhibition characteristics of a biolumminescent bacteria, namely Vibrio fischeri. Accordingly, the toxicity of Reactive blue 19, showed very little increase after CCF application, while showing decrease with PL application. The toxicity of Reactive black 5, which was highly toxic initially, increased toxicity with both applications. There was no toxic effect for Reactive blue 198 before and after applications. KEYWORDS: dye, decolorization, white rot fungus, solid substrat fermentation, culture filtrate, laccase, microtox
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyoteknoloji, Biotechnology
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WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Özmen, N. (2008). Lakkaz üretimi ve ham kültür filtratının tekstil boyalarının renginin ve toksisitesinin gideriminde kullanımı. Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
