The Effects of Nicardipine on Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Function in Aged Rats Following Abdominal Surgery

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dc.contributor.authorKocaoglu, Nazan
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Hafize Fisun
dc.contributor.authorUgun, Fatih
dc.contributor.authorAksoz, Elif
dc.contributor.authorAtik, Bulent
dc.contributor.authorBicakcioglu, Murat
dc.contributor.authorSagir, Ozlem
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:31:02Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:31:02Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground/Objectives: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a serious complication of anaesthesia/surgery. The present study investigated the effects of nicardipine-a calcium channel blocker-on neuroinflammation and POCD in rats. Methods: Following ethical approval, 30 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control (Group C), surgery (Group S), and surgery and nicardipine (a single intraperitoneal dose of 5 mg/kg nicardipine) (Group N). Cognitive function was assessed 48 h postoperatively using the MWM test. The rats were sacrificed on the 5th day, and hippocampi were isolated and frozen at -80 degrees C on the same d ay. Hippocampal tissues were homogenised; ELISA and Western blot tests were performed to assess IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and caspase-3. Results: All groups showed a significant decrease in the time required to locate the hidden platform from day 1 to day 4. In the probe trial of the Morris water maze test, Group C spent more time in the target quadrant compared with Group S, indicating surgery-related cognitive impairment. The ELISA and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the hippocampal levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and caspase-3 were significantly elevated in both Groups S and N compared with the controls. No statistically significant differences were observed between Groups S and N, indicating that the measured cognitive performance and hippocampal inflammatory responses were comparable between these groups. Conclusions: This study showed that a single intraperitoneal dose of 5 mg/kg of nicardipine did not measurably improve early postoperative cognitive performance or reduce hippocampal inflammation. In particular, nicardipine did not have a detectable effect on early postoperative neuroinflammation or cognition at the tested dose and timing in this rat model. Further studies exploring different doses and timing or repeated administration would help to clarify its potential role.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Projects Office of Balikesir University [2021/097]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Office of Balikesir University (Project No.: 2021/097).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jcm14248912
dc.identifier.issn2077-0383
dc.identifier.issue24
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3396-7317
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4827-804X
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6876-2963
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9101-6857
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9617-0490
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6289-1991
dc.identifier.pmid41464815
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105025797949
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248912
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108547
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001646802800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Clinical Medicine
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectanaesthesia
dc.subjectneuroinflammation
dc.subjectnicardipine
dc.subjectPOCD
dc.subjectsurgery
dc.titleThe Effects of Nicardipine on Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Function in Aged Rats Following Abdominal Surgery
dc.typeArticle

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