Three-Dimensional Evaluation of TMJ Morphology in Individuals with Maxillary or Mandibular Impacted Canines: A CBCT-Based Retrospective Study

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dc.contributor.authorOguz, Firat
dc.contributor.authorOzden, Samet
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:31:09Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:31:09Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology in individuals with impacted maxillary and mandibular canine teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the findings with those of a control group without impacted canines. Methods: A total of 80 individuals were included in this retrospective study. Based on CBCT images, participants were divided into three groups: the impacted maxillary canine group (n = 30), impacted mandibular canine group (n = 20), and control group (n = 30). CBCT images were oriented in the 3D Slicer software according to the Frankfurt Horizontal plane and the midsagittal reference line. Condylar width, length, position, angular parameters, joint spaces, and condylar volume were measured. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used for intergroup comparisons. Results: The control group exhibited significantly higher values of condylar width, coronal condylar position and angle, certain joint spaces, and condylar volume compared with both impacted maxillary and mandibular canine groups (p < 0.05). In particular, significant differences were observed for condylar width (p <= 0.002) (Control: 19.76 +/- 2.09 mm, Maxillary: 17.92 +/- 2.14 mm, Mandibular: 17.76 +/- 1.64 mm), coronal condylar position (p < 0.001) (Control: 7.50 +/- 1.34 mm, Maxillary: 6.02 +/- 0.89 mm, Mandibular: 6.30 +/- 0.83 mm), coronal condylar angle (p < 0.001) (Control: 25.09 degrees +/- 4.40, Maxillary: 28.80 degrees +/- 3.70, Mandibular: 33.37 degrees +/- 4.10), and condylar volume (p < 0.001) (Control: 1755.87 +/- 357.32 mm(3), Maxillary: 1337.18 +/- 302.65 mm(3), Mandibular: 1252.71 +/- 369.24 mm(3)). No significant differences were found between the impacted maxillary and mandibular canine groups for most parameters (p > 0.05). Right-left side comparisons demonstrated that bilateral symmetry was largely preserved, except for condylar volume (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The presence of impacted canines may influence TMJ morphology, particularly at the level of condylar morphometry and joint spaces. Therefore, considering TMJ morphology in addition to local dental factors when evaluating impacted canines may provide a more comprehensive approach to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
dc.description.sponsorshipIdot;nn University Scientific Research Projects [TSA-2026-4503]
dc.description.sponsorshipSupported by & Idot;nonu University Scientific Research Projects (Project No: TSA-2026-4503).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/diagnostics16030496
dc.identifier.issn2075-4418
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9733-9777
dc.identifier.pmid41681814
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105030191646
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030496
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108601
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001689992600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofDiagnostics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectTMJ
dc.subjectimpacted maxillary canine
dc.subjectimpacted mandibular canine
dc.subjectCBCT
dc.titleThree-Dimensional Evaluation of TMJ Morphology in Individuals with Maxillary or Mandibular Impacted Canines: A CBCT-Based Retrospective Study
dc.typeArticle

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