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Öğe Antibacterial activity of rhodium, iridium, and ruthenium tripodal phospine complexes(1998) Sülü M.; Küçükbay H.; Durmaz R.; Günal S.Twenty-eight rhodium, iridium, or ruthenium complexes were evaluated for their in vitro anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Straphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonaa aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Ten compounds showed an antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with a range of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 16 and 125 ?g/ml. None of the compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against the gram- negative strains E. coli ATCC 25922 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29213 with a concentration range between 4 and 500 ?g/ml.Öğe Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of pneumococci strains isolated from meningitis patients(2006) Firat M.; Ersoy Y.; Eşel D.; Bayraktar M.; Çaylan R.; Durmaz R.Treatment of life threatening pneumococcal infections such as meningitis has recently become problematic due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility data usually derived from the studies that included all clinical pneumococcal isolates. However, resistance patterns of this microorganism isolated from meningitis cases in our country are not exactly known. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from meningitis cases. This retrospective study was designed in three university hospitals in Turkey and 72 pneumococci isolated from patients with meningitis were evaluated. In this study disk diffusion test and E-test methods were used to determine the susceptibility of pneumococci to some antibiotics. All S.pneumoniae isolates were serotyped using Quellung reaction. Although resistance for oxacillin was found by disc diffusion method in 11 isolates, only six of them were found to be resistant by E-test. By the latter procedure, no resistance was recorded against ceftriaxone and meropenem, while chloramphenicol resistance was found as 1.4%. In our study, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were 2.8%, TMP-SMX resistance was 26.4%, while no vancomycin resistance was detected by disk diffusion. In evaluation of 72 pneumococci, we found 16 different serotypes and four isolates could not be serotyped. The serogroup 23 (n: 19) was the most common one followed by serotype 19 (n: 9) and serotype 14 (n: 7). Of six resistant isolates, three pneumococci were serogroup 23 and the remaining were from three different serotype/ serogroups 11, 14 and 19. As a result penicillin resistance in pneumococci isolated from meningitis was low and there was no resistance to ceftriaxone. It seems that ceftriaxone is an appropriate choice for empirical treatment of meningitis in our patients. These findings also revealed that pneumococcal polysaccharide capsule vaccines in use cover most of the invasive pneumococcal serotypes.Öğe Bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion; focusing on the high positivity of Alloiococcus otitidis(2002) Kalcioglu M.T.; Oncel S.; Durmaz R.; Otlu B.; Miman M.C.; Ozturan O.The etiology of otitis media with effusion (OME) is unclear. The bacterial analyses of middle ear effusion (MEE) in OME may reveal important information regarding its etiology. Alloiococcus otitidis, Heamophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis were investigated by using microbiologic culture and a multiplex PCR method in the middle ear fluid of 32 children (54 samples) with chronic OME. PCR yielded positive results in 18 (33.3%) middle ear effusions while culture resulted positive for 3 (5.6%). The PCR method detected A. otitidis in 10 (18.5%) specimens, H. influenzae in 7 (13%), M. catarrhalis in 4 (7.4%) and S. pneumoniae in 2 (3.7%) specimens. The multiplex PCR method enhances the detection rate significantly compared to that of the conventional culture method. A. otitidis is the most common detected pathogen in the MEE of the OME.Öğe Comparison of the methods used for the detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococci(2002) Kuzucu Ç.; Dalgalar M.; Durmaz R.; Dikerel Ş.In this study, the methicillin resistance of 112 Staphylococcus aureus and 93 coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) strains, which were initially found methicillin resistant by routine disk diffusion method in our laboratory, have been searched by microdilution and oxacillin agar screen test and the results were compared with the results obtained by disk diffusion method. The presence of mecA gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction in case of discordant results. All S.aureus strains (100%) and 69.9% (65/93) of CNS strains were found resistant to methicillin by three of the methods. Of CNS isolates, 28 strains which were found methicillin resistant by disk diffusion method, were found methicillin susceptible by oxacillin agar screen method, and 27 of these were detected as mecA positive. Our results indicated that, the three methods tested were reliable for the detection of methicillin resistance in S.aureus strains, but oxacillin agar screen revealed to be unsatisfactory for the detection of methicillin resistance in CNS.Öğe Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from mentha spicata l. subsp. spicata(2011) Şarer E.; Toprak S.Y.; Otlu B.; Durmaz R.The air-dried aerial parts of M.spicata L. subsp. spicata, which were collected from eastern Turkey, were subjected to hydrodistillation and the essential oil was obtained in a yield of 3.24% (v/w). The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven constituents, accounting for more than 95.3% of the total oil composition, were identified. The main compounds of the essential oil were carvone (48.4%), 1,8-cineole (21.3%), ?-pinene (3.5%), ?-caryophyllene (3.3%) and trans-dihydrocarvone (2.9%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was studied. It was evaluated against six microorganisms using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The oil showed great potential for its antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus. © 2011 Allured Business Media.Öğe Epidemiological analysis of Staphylococcus aureus strains from nasal carriers in a teaching hospital(2002) Guducuoglu H.; Ayan M.; Durmaz R.; Berktas M.; Bozkurt H.; Bayram Y.The present study was conducted to assess the epidemiological relation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from nasal carriers of hospital staff. Nasal swabs were taken from each of 327 personnel. After culturing on blood agar for overnight, probable staphylococcal isolates were identified and subjected to tube coagulase test. After a two-week interval, second nasal swabs were taken from the subjects whose first cultures were positive for S. aureus. Nasal carriage was defined in 58 (17.7%) personnel with positive culture for both sampling time. Antibiogram typing and arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) with M13 primer were used for typing of the strains. Antibiotyping distinguished seven types and three subtypes, and 85% of the isolates were clustered in one group. AP-PCR, in contrast, identified 12 distinct patterns with 13 variants. A specific profile was not found among the isolates obtained from the personnel in a particular clinic. These results indicate that antibiotyping has poor discrimination power and heterogeneity among the nasal S. aureus strains in the hospital personnel screened is high.Öğe Expression of cell proliferation markers in benign, premalignant and malignant lesions and human papillomavirus isolation(2007) Serarslan G.; Atik E.; Otlu B.; Bakariş S.; Durmaz R.Background and Design: This study was designed to investigate the role of proliferation markers in various benign, premalignant and malignant skin lesions and also aimed to detect HPV positivity in these lesions. Material and Method: A total of 62 paraffin blocks [12 seborrheic keratoses (SK), 10 keratoacantoma (KA), 8 actinic keratoses (AK), 22 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 10 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] were included in the study. Specimens were studied immunohistochemically for the expression of Ki-67, p21 and bcl-2. PCR was performed to detect HPV DNA. Results: HPV positivity was detected in two tissues of BCC (HPV type-16). In the lesions, the Ki-67, p21 and bcl-2 expressions were found to be increased respectively: KAÖğe HBsAg positivity in patients with prediagnosed viral hepatitis and hospital personnel(1991) Durmaz R.; Durmaz B.HBsAg was determined in 172 sera from 106 persons with clinically pre-diagnosed viral hepatitis (Group I) and 66 hospital personnel (Group II). In the investigation, the passive haemagglutination test was used. Positive results were obtained in 29.2% of Group I and 7.6% of Group II. HBsAg positivity in two groups was found to be differ significantly.Öğe Internal mammary artery atherosclerosis in segments removed during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and C. Pneumoniae infection(2004) Ege E.; Paç M.; Durmaz R.; Bulut Y.; Hazar A.; Emmiler M.; Aydin N.E.Objective: Recent studies suggest the association of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. We investigated C. pneumoniae DNA in internal mammarian artery (IMA) (used as a coronary bypass conduit) and its relationship with atherosclerosis. Methods: Sixty-six consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during an eight-month period were included in this study. From all patients, we attempted to obtain surplus segments of harvested IMA grafts. The vessels were examined histopathologically, and presence of C. pneumoniae DNA in IMA grafts was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: C. pneumoniae DNA was found in 7 (10.6%) of 66 IMA specimens. The light microscopic examinations of IMA segments from the C. pneumonia positive group showed atherosclerotic intimal changes in four of the seven patients. These atherosclerotic changes were type II in three patients and type III in one patient according to the AHA classification. The rest of the IMA segments from 62 patients did not show any discernible atherosclerotic lesion. Conclusion: The IMA graft examination by PCR and histopathology may be helpful in the determination of future graft patency for IMA bypass surgery.Öğe Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens of patients with nosocomial infection: Are there unnoticed silent outbreaks?(2007) Tekerekoglu M.S.; Ay S.; Otlu B.; Çiçek A.; Kayabaş Ü.; Durmaz R.Bacteriological and epidemiological studies were carried out on 90 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at lurgut Özal Medical Center of Inönü University, (Malatya/Turkey). MRSA isolates were obtained from patients with nosocomial infections. Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were collected between May 2004-May 2005. Isolates were tested for resistance to methicillin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and slime production evaluation was performed. Genotype studies were carried out by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) and consequent cluster analysis. All of the isolates were mecA-positive in a PCR-based assay; all exhibited resistance to oxacillin, by agar dilution (MICs ?4mg/L) and disc diffusion methods, and multiple antibiotics. Most MRSA isolates were collected in intensive care units. Of 90 samples, 53 were found to be unrelated to the others while the remaining 37 strains were either identical or closely related. Dendrogram analysis identified nine major clusters. These data support the opinion that MRSA are significant nosocomial pathogens in intensive care units and that resistant clones may be transmitted between patients. Molecular epidemiological tools are helpful for understanding transmission patterns and sources of infection, and are useful for measuring outcomes of intervention strategies implemented to reduce nosocomial MRSA.Öğe Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: Report of Rotavirus Surveillance in Turkey(Public Library of Science, 2014) Durmaz R.; Kalaycioglu A.T.; Acar S.; Bakkaloglu Z.; Karagoz A.; Korukluoglu G.; Ertek M.Background: Group A rotaviruses are the most common causative agent of acute gastroenteritis among children less than 5 years of age throughout the world. This sentinel surveillance study was aimed to obtain baseline data on the rotavirus G and P genotypes across Turkey before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program. Methods: Rotavirus antigen-positive samples were collected from 2102 children less than 5 years of age who attended hospitals participating in the Turkish Rotavirus Surveillance Network. Rotavirus antigen was detected in the laboratories of participating hospitals by commercial serological tests such as latex agglutination, immunochromatographic test or enzyme immunoassay. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using consensus primers detecting the VP7 and VP4 genes, followed by semi-nested type-specific multiplex PCR. Results: RT-PCR found rotavirus RNA in 1644 (78.2%) of the samples tested. The highest rate of rotavirus positivity (38.7%) was observed among children in the 13 to 24 month age group, followed by children in the age group of 25 to 36 months (28.3%). A total of eight different G types, six different P types, and 42 different G-P combinations were obtained. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3, and G9) and two common P types (P[8] and P[4]) accounted for 95.1% and 98.8% of the strains, respectively. G9P[8] was the most common G/P combination found in 40.5% of the strains followed by G1P[8] (21.6%), G2P[8] (9.3%), G2P[4] (6.5%), G3P[8] (3.5%), and finally, G4P[8] (3.4%). These six common genotypes included 83.7% of the strains tested in this study. The rate of uncommon genotypes was 14%. Conclusion: The majority of the strains analyzed belonged to the G1-G4 and G9 genotypes, suggesting high coverage of current rotavirus vaccines. This study also demonstrates a dramatic increase in G9 genotype across the country. © 2014 Durmaz et al.Öğe Seropositivity of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-age women in Malatya, Turkey.(1995) Durmaz R.; Durmaz B.; Tas I.; Rafiq M.A total of 996 sera from women between the ages of 17-45 years were examined for Toxoplasma gondii; IgG and IgM antibodies by solid-phase-enzyme immunoassay. The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis was found to be 39.9%. Of 996 women, 396 (39.6%) had specific IgG, 26 (2.6%) had both IgG and IgM, and 3 (0.3%) had only IgM antibodies. The results obtained in this study & other previous studies done in Turkey indicated the high prevalence of T. gondii infection in this country.Öğe Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of electron-rich olefins derived benzimidazole compounds(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2003) Küçükbay H.; Durmaz R.; Orhan E.; Günal S.New benzimidazole derivatives were synthesised by electron-rich olefines (7, 8 and 9) with appropriate reagents. The compounds synthesised were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. All compounds studied in this work were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against the standard strains: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and the yeasts Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Eleven of the compounds inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis and S. aureus) at MIC values between 50 and 400 ?g/ml. None of the compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. Aeruginosa) at the concentrations studied (6.25-800 ?g/ml). Nine of the tested compounds showed an antifungal activity with a range of the MICs between 50 and 400 ?g/ml. © 2003 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe Two possible cases of Trichosporon infections in bone-marrow-transplanted children: The first case of T. japonicum isolated from clinical specimens(2008) A?irbaşli H.; Bilgen H.; Özcan S.K.; Otlu B.; Sinik G.; Çerikçio?lu N.; Durmaz R.Trichosporon spp. are emerging as opportunistic agents that cause systemic diseases in immuno-compromised hosts. Trichosporonosis carries a poor prognosis in neutropenic patients. Trichosporon japonicum was isolated from the air and named by Sugita et al. Here we present the first case of T.japonicum isolated from a clinical specimen. Two cases of acute myeloid leukemia who had Trichosporon isolates are discussed because of their rarity and growing importance. T. asahii was isolated from the throat, feces and urine of the first patient. T.japonicum was isolated from the sputum of the second patient. Both cases produced high MICs to itraconazole, and low IMCs to fluconazole and voriconazole. In virulance factor investigations there was (++) biofilm formation in T.japonicum but not in T. asahii. Conventional mycological studies were not adequate for the identification of the isolate at the species level. In our second case as in the first one, the isolate was identified as T. asahii with 99.9% accuracy by API 20C AUX Although two T. asahii isolates from the same patient yielded identical typing profiles by arbitrary primed-MR, the isolates of the two different patients showed different arbitrary primed-PCR typing profiles. However, the genetic identification of the other patient's strain gave the result of T.japonicum.Öğe Use of transcription-based amplification and enzyme immunoassay methods to investigate possible Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women with genital complaints(2002) Bulut Y.; Durmaz B.; Durmaz R.; Otlu B.This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the female patients with genital complaints, and to compare the transcription mediated amplification assay and enzyme immunoassay methods for the diagnosis of genital C. trachomatis infections. C. trachomatis (Ct) antigens and ribosomal RNAs were researched by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay, respectively in the endocervical swab samples of 90 patients. C. trachomatis IgG and IgM antibodies were also screened in the sera of these subjects, by EIA method. Of 90 patients, 18 (20%) were found to be positive for Ct-rRNA, 12 (13%) for Ct-antigen, 20 (22%) for IgG, 12 (13%) for IgM and 14 (16%) for both IgG and IgM. Among the patients 11 (12%) were found positive for Ct-antigen, Ct-rRNA and Ct-IgM antibodies. According to the TMA results, the sensitivity and specificity of EIA-Ct antigen method were estimated as 67% and 100%, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between TMA positivity and those of two EIA methods. In conclusion, the positive results obtained with EIA are reliable for the diagnosis of genital C. trachomatis infections, however the negative results should be confirmed by TMA.
