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Öğe Abdülbaki Nasır Dede makam teorisine göre Neyzen Salih Dede eserlerinin makamsal analizi(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2020) Korkmaz, EnginBu çalışmada, Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin Makam Teorisine göre Neyzen Salih Dede'nin eserlerinin makamsal analizi yapılmıştır. Neyzen Salih Dede'nin eserlerinin incelenmesi hedeflenen bu araştırmada nitel araştırma modelinde durum saptamaya yönelik olarak "Döküman incelenmesi/döküman analizi" ve "Görüşme" yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Musiki, çoğu zaman kültürel yapıyla ve tarihsel dönemlerle eşzamanlı hareket eden bir yapı olduğu için, musikinin geçirdiği evreleri mercek altına almak şüphesiz bugünki musikimizi daha iyi anlamamıza yardımcı olacaktır. Çalışmada önce Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin yaşamış olduğu dönem, müzikal bir dönem olarak incelenmiş, dönemin musikişinaslarının musiki dünyasına yaklaşımları aktarılmıştır. Daha sonra Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin ve Neyzen Salih Dede'nin hayatlarından ve musiki dünyalarından bahsedilmiştir. Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin yazmış olduğu "Tedkik u Tahkik" isimli eseri incelenenmiş ve makam dizilerini nasıl tarif ettiği hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonrasında Abdülbaki Nasır Dede ile aynı dönemde yaşamış olan Neyzen Salih Dede'nin yirmibir eseri makasal olarak incelenmiş ve Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin makam teorisine uygunluk gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin makam teorisi eseri olan "Tedkik u Tahkik" e göre incelenen Neyzen Salih Dede eserlerinin makamsal yapısı derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Tedkik u Tahkik e göre uygun olan ve uygun olmayan müzikal cümleler belirtilmiş ve gerekli yorumlamalar yapılmıştır. Neyzen Salih Dede'nin hangi eserlerinin Tedkik u Tahkik'e uygunluk gösterdiği veya uygunluk gösteren eserler içerisinde Tedkik u Tahkik'de belirtilmeyen makamsal yapılar yorumlarda belirtilmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin, dönem musikisini makam teorisinde ne kadar yansıtabildiği analiz edilmiştir. Aynı yöntemle Neyzen Salih Dede'nin eserlerinin, Abdülbaki Nasır Dede'nin yazdığı dönem musikisinin teorisine göre ne kadar uygunluk gösterdiği yorumlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Abdülbaki Nasır Dede, Neyzen Salih Dede, Tedkik u Tahkik.Öğe Agomelatin'in iştah metabolizması üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması(İnönü Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Korkmaz, EnginHipotalamik çekirdekler anoreksijenik (iştahı azaltıcı) ve oreksijenik (iştahı arttırıcı) nöropeptitler sentezler. Leptin ve ghrelin gibi periferal hormonlar bu nöropeptitlerin seviyesini etkiler. Melatonerjik reseptörler (MT1/MT2) ise iştah metabolizmasını düzenleyen faktörlerin salgılandığı yerlerde lokalizedir. Agomelatin güçlü MT1/MT2 agonisti olan bir antidepresan ilaçtır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, agomelatinin iştah metabolizması üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Materyal ve Metod: Sprague Dawley ırkı 40 adet erkek sıçan dört gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol, Çözücü, Ago-20 ve Ago-40. Kontrol grubuna hiçbir uygulama yapılmadı. Deney süresince; çözücü grubuna hidroksietil selüloz, Ago-20 ve Ago-40 gruplarına agomelatinin iki farklı dozu (20-40 mg/kg) oral gavaj yöntemiyle verildi. Sıçanların vücut ağırlıkları ve yem tüketim ölçümü günlük yapıldı. Uygulama sonunda sıçanlar ötenazi edilerek kan ve hipotalamik doku örnekleri toplandı. Plazmadaki leptin ve ghrelin seviyeleri ELISA'yla; hipotalamik AgRP, POMC, CART ve NPY gen ekspresyon seviyeleri RT-PCR yöntemiyle, protein seviyeleri ise western blot yöntemiyle belirlendi. Bulgular: Agomelatin uygulaması sıçanlarda vücut ağırlığı, yem tüketimi, plazma ghrelin seviyesini azaltırken (p<0.05), plazma leptin seviyesini arttırdı (p<0.05). Agomelatin uygulanan gruplarda POMC, AgRP ve NPY gen ekspresyonları arttı. Ancak CART gen ekspresyonu azaldı (p<0.05). Ayrıca bu gruplarda POMC ve CART protein düzeylerinin arttığı, AgRP ve NPY protein düzeylerinin azaldığı gözlemlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç: Bulgular agomelatinin iştahın merkezi ve perifer düzenlenmesinde görevli faktörleri etkileyerek yem tüketimini ve vücut ağırlığını azalttığını ortaya koymuştur.Öğe Agomelatine alleviates pain-related behaviour in ovariectomized rats(2024) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Tekin, SuatAim: Menopause is a physiological process that results in the cessation of ovarian follicle activity. Research suggests that postmenopausal women may experience changes in pain sensitivity. Ovariectomized (Ovx) rats are commonly used to mimic postmenopausal pain symptoms in research. Agomelatine is a unique antidepressant that acts as both a melatonergic receptor agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Preclinical studies have suggested potential analgesic effects associated with agomelatine. This study aims to investigate the influence of agomelatine on pain behavior in Ovx rats. Materials and Methods: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, Ovx, Ago20 and Ago40. The Ovx, Ago20 and Ago40 groups underwent bilateral ovariectomy, while the Sham group underwent all surgical procedures except ovarian ligation. After four months, the Sham and Ovx groups received vehicle, while the Ago20 (20mg/kg) and Ago40 (40mg/kg) groups received agomelatine by oral gavage for two months. Pain sensitivity assessments were conducted using electronic von Frey, hot plate, tail flick, and tail immersion methods after the final drug administration. Results: In the Ovx group, there was an increase in pain sensitivity observed in the hot plate, electronic von Frey, tail flick, and tail immersion tests (p < 0.05). Agomelatine treatment significantly reduced the heightened nociceptive response (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Agomelatine effectively attenuates the increased sensitivity to pain observed in Ovx rats.Öğe Agomelatine Protects Cyclophosphamide-Induced Testicular Tissue Damage Despite HPG Axis Suppression in Rats(Springernature, 2026) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Taslidere, Asli; Tekin, SuatThis study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of agomelatine (Ago), a potent melatonergic agonist and antioxidant, in preserving testicular integrity against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced acute toxicity. A preconditioning protocol was established in which rats received Ago (40 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days prior to a single toxic dose of CP (200 mg/kg). The parameters assessed included oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH-px, SOD, and CAT), inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and NF-kappa B), histopathological scores, and the endocrine profile (FSH, LH, and testosterone). CP administration elicited severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and histological degeneration. Ago preconditioning significantly attenuated lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels while preserving antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, Ago effectively maintained testicular architecture and sperm concentration. Notably, despite this robust structural protection, significant suppression of serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels was observed in the Ago-treated groups. Our findings demonstrate that Ago preserves testicular morphology and cellular integrity against CP-induced damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, this structural protection was accompanied by a significant suppression of the HPG axis at the administered dose. These results indicate that Ago-mediated cytoprotection may occur independently of endocrine homeostasis, underscoring the need for future dose-response studies to identify an optimal therapeutic window that balances peripheral protection with hormonal regulation.Öğe Asprosin protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in mice(Springer, 2025) Keskin, Tuba; Korkmaz, Engin; Yildiz, Azibe; Tekin, Cigdem; Beytur, Ali; Tekin, SuatIschemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex pathophysiological process involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Asprosin (ASP), a fasting-induced glucogenic hormone, has been shown to influence oxidative and apoptotic pathways in various tissues. This study investigated the potential renoprotective effects of ASP in a murine model of IR-induced AKI. Thirty-two male Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8): Control, IR, ASP1 (1 mu g/kg ASP), and ASP10 (10 mu g/kg ASP). While the control group received no treatment. Vehicle and ASP (1 or 10 mu g/kg) were administered intravenously five minutes before ischemia to the IR and ASP-treated groups, respectively. Renal ischemia was induced for 22 min, followed by a 24-h reperfusion period. Renal function markers, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress parameters, and caspase-3 expression were evaluated. Histopathological alterations were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. IR significantly increased BUN, creatinine, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, MDA levels, and caspase-3 expression, while reducing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT). ASP pretreatment effectively reversed these changes (p < 0.05), as reflected by improved renal function, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, and decreased apoptotic activity. These functional and molecular improvements were also supported by histological evidence showing reduced kidney damage following ASP treatment. Collectively, the findings suggest that ASP protects against IR-induced AKI by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.Öğe Asprosin Takes a Protective Role in Mice Established Experimental Acute Kidney(Wiley, 2023) Korkmaz, Engin; Keskin, Tuba; Yildiz, Azibe; Tekin, Cigdem; Tekin, Suat; Beytur, Ali[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Cytotoxicity of myrtenal on different human cancer cell lines(2024) Korkmaz, Engin; Tekin, SuatAim: Myrtenal (Myrt), a monoterpene found in essential oils of various plant species, such as Citrus aurantium, Citrus limon, Mentha japonica and Zingiber officinale roscoe. Preclinical studies have reported that Myrt induces apoptosis in various cancer models. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Myrt on cell viability in human prostate (LNCaP), colon (Caco-2), breast (MCF-7) and ovarian (A2780) cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: A2780, LNCaP, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell lines were used in this study. All cell lines were treated with 1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 µM concentrations of Myrt for 24 hours. Changes in cell viability were determined by the MTT assay. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) and logIC50 values of Myrt in cell lines was calculated based on the cytotoxicity results. Results: Myrt concentrations applied to Caco-2, A2780, MCF-7 and LNCaP cancer cell lines for 24 hours significantly decreased cell viability (%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that Myrt has potent cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against human A2780, LNCaP, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cancer cell lines.Öğe Dapagliflozin Exhibits a Protective Effect Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats(Wiley, 2025) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Tekin, Suat; Tekin, Cigdem[No abstract available]Öğe Effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on circadian clock in rats with fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver(Springeropen, 2024) Coskun, Ayfer Beyaz; Turkoglu, Semra; Celep, Adviye Gulcin Sagdicoglu; Ozercan, Ibrahim Hanifi; Korkmaz, EnginBackgroundThe rate of NAFLD in the general population is estimated to be 25.2%. NAFLD is affected by lifestyle, diet, and inflammation. In this study, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics was aimed to modulate the circadian clock in the liver and improve metabolic disorder through the gut-liver axis.MethodsSix-week-old, healthy, 43 Wistar albino rats were included in the study and their average weight was determined as 140.50 g (95.00-177.00) at the beginning of the study. Before the study, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 8 animals were placed in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups and 11 animals were placed in the 2nd group. Rats in group 1 were fed standard food for 13 weeks. Rats in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with 10% fructose water during the 1-week adaptation period and then 20% fructose water. After the 7th week, probiotic treatment (2 x 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) was administered to rats in group 3rd via gavage for 6 weeks, and prebiotic treatment was administered to rats in group 4th with feed containing 10% grape seed extract. Rats in the 5th group were given a feed consisting of 10% grape seed extract and 2 x 109 CFU/ml Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG via gavage.ResultsIt was determined that the use of prebiotics as a treatment option in fatty liver had a more positive effect on glucose, ALT, melatonin, and ZO-1 values. In addition, it was observed that synbiotic use had more positive effects on histopathological findings, NAS score, and the expression level of circadian clock genes. While there was no significant difference between the mRNA levels of circadian clock genes, it was observed that gene expression levels increased with fructose consumption and decreased especially with synbiotic treatment.ConclusionIt has been observed that fructose modulates the circadian rhythm by affecting some biochemical and genomic pathways as a result of synbiotic use in order to prevent the negative effects of fructose on fatty liver.Öğe Effects of Agomelatine on Food Intake and Body Weight in Ovariectomized Rats(Wiley, 2023) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Tekin, Suat[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Effects of Agomelatine on Pain Behavior in Ovariectomized Rats(Wiley, 2023) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Tekin, Suat[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Investigation of Lorentz field effects on wound healing: theoretical, computational, and experimental analysis(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2026) Gurcan, Aliye; Acikgoz, Merve; Tutuk, Rabia; Aydin, Elif Feyza; Yuksel, Furkan; Korkmaz, Engin; Tekin, CigdemObjective. This study introduces a novel non-invasive wound healing method that generates Lorentz fields (LFs) in the wound area using ultrasonic transducers under a static magnetic field, enabling localized stimulation without direct electrode contact. Approach. Theoretical derivations of the governing equations, supported by numerical simulations, demonstrate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of this technique. The model includes the two-dimensional geometry of the wound, skin layers, gel, a single-element ultrasonic probe, or a 16-element linear phased array (LPA) transducer. The pressure and velocity current density distributions in the wound area were analyzed under three different excitation configurations: (i) excitation using a single-element ultrasonic probe, (ii) beam steering of the LPA transducer at 5 degrees intervals between -30 degrees and +30 degrees at 13 different angles, and (iii) focusing of the LPA transducer at 0 degrees. In each configuration, distinct pressure distributions and velocity current density patterns were obtained in the wound region. In addition, in vivo animal experiments were conducted using the single-element ultrasonic probe to evaluate the biological effects of LF-based stimulation on wound healing. The study included four experimental groups: a static magnetic field (SMF) group, an ultrasound (US) group, a combined LF group, and a control group without any stimulation. Main results. In the single-element probe configuration, the simulated velocity current density reached approximately 4.51 mu Acm-2, corresponding to a pressure of 0.17 MPa. These values remained within the established safety limits while being sufficient to promote wound healing. For the LPA transducer, electronic beam steering enabled a uniform distribution of acoustic pressure and induced current density over a wider wound area. The pressure ranged between +/-(0.118-0.203) MPa, and the corresponding velocity current density varied between +/-(2.33-2.69) mu Acm-2. In the focusing configuration (0 degrees), the maximum pressure in the wound region reached 0.285 MPa, while the peak absolute velocity current density was 6.72 mu Acm-2, both remaining within safe limits. Animal experiments were conducted for 14 d, with each group receiving a 5 min daily treatment. The Lorentz-field group exhibited the fastest wound closure, followed by the US and magnetic-field groups, whereas the control group showed the least improvement. Significance. The proposed method offers an innovative and safe alternative for accelerating wound healing by combining US and SMFs to generate Lorentz-induced current densities in the wound, providing localized and non-invasive therapeutic stimulation.Öğe Investigation of the Effects of Agomelatine on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Testicular Toxicity(Wiley, 2025) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Tekin, Suat[No abstract available]Öğe Investigation of the Effects of Dapagliflozin in an Experimental Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Model in Rats(Wiley, 2025) Beytur, Asiye; Korkmaz, Engin; Tanbek, Kevser; Tekin, Suat[No abstract available]Öğe Myrtenal Ameliorates Ischemic Brain Injury Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2025) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Erden, Yavuz; Tanbek, Kevser; Tekin, Cigdem; Tekin, SuatIschemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. Diabetes is a major risk factor for IS and independently increases mortality. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Myrtenal (Myrt) in a rat model of IS under both diabetic and non-diabetic conditions. Sprague Dawley rats received Myrt (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 28 days before undergoing 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Neurological outcomes were assessed using behavioral tests, infarct volume was measured by TTC staining, and biochemical analyses evaluated oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) and inflammatory markers (NLRP3, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta). Western blotting was performed to examine BDNF/TrkB, p-PI3K/p-Akt signaling, and apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax). IS impaired neurological function and increased infarct size, apoptosis, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation, while reducing antioxidant enzymes and BDNF/TrkB and p-PI3K/p-Akt levels (p < 0.05). These pathological changes were more severe in diabetic rats. Pretreatment with Myrt significantly ameliorated these effects in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that Myrt exerts neuroprotective effects against IS by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, possibly through modulation of BDNF/TrkB and p-PI3K/p-Akt pathways. These findings indicate that Myrt may possess neuroprotective potential in IS under both hyperglycemic and normoglycemic conditions.Öğe Myrtenal Exhibits Protective Effects in Rats with Acute Ischemic Stroke(Wiley, 2025) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Tanbek, Kevser; Tekin, Suat; Tekin, Cigdem[No abstract available]Öğe Myrtenal Pretreatment Exerts a Protective Effect Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats(Wiley, 2025) Beytur, Leyla; Korkmaz, Engin; Kose, Evren; Taslidere, Asli; Tekin, SuatAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition with high mortality in intensive care units and during vascular surgeries. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) significantly contributes to AKI. Preclinical studies have shown that myrtenal (Myrt) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that Myrt might alleviate renal damage caused by IRI through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to investigate the renoprotective potential of Myrt against IRI using biochemical evaluations and histological examinations. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: sham, IRI, Myrt40+IRI, and Myrt80+IRI. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of Myrt (40-80 mg/kg) or solvent for 9 days before surgery. The sham group underwent laparotomy, while the other groups had AKI induced via bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Renal function was assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels. Inflammatory markers interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured, along with oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Renal damage was evaluated histopathologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining and apoptosis was assessed via caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In the IRI group, serum BUN and creatinine levels were significantly higher than the sham group but were reduced by Myrt pretreatment (p < 0.05). IRI also led to significant increases in MDA, KIM-1, NGAL, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha in kidney tissue (p < 0.05), which were notably decreased by Myrt pretreatment (p < 0.05). Myrt also restored SOD and CAT enzyme activities and GSH levels reduced by IRI (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed Myrt significantly alleviated renal tissue damage and reduced caspase-3 immunoreactivity due to IRI (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that Myrt has a protective effect against renal IRI.Öğe Neuroprotective Effects of Bromelain on Acute Ischemic Stroke in Rats(Springernature, 2026) Korkmaz, Engin; Beytur, Asiye; Tekin, SuatIschemic stroke (IS) is a severe neurological disorder that develops as a result of the interruption of cerebral blood flow and leads to high rates of mortality and morbidity. This study examined the neuroprotective potential of bromelain (Brm) in a rat model of IS induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, IS, Brm20 + IS, and Brm40 + IS (n = 10 per group). Brm (20 or 40 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered orally for seven days prior to surgery, followed by 60 min of transient MCAO and 24 h of reperfusion. During reperfusion, neurological deficit scores and rotarod performance were assessed, and infarct volume was determined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In the IS group, neurological deficits and infarct volume were significantly increased. The oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6) were elevated, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, were reduced. In addition, apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase-3) and angiogenic markers, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), were increased, while the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling was suppressed. Brm treatment attenuated these pathological alterations by reducing angiogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis, enhancing antioxidant defense, and restoring PI3K/Akt signaling activity. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Brm exerts multifaceted neuroprotective effects in experimental IS by targeting key mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and PI3K/Akt signaling. These findings suggest that Brm may represent a potential pharmacological candidate for the treatment of IS, pending validation in future advanced preclinical and clinical studies.Öğe The role of agomelatine in appetite regulation and body weight in rats(Wiley, 2025) Korkmaz, Engin; Erden, Yavuz; Tekin, Cigdem; Tekin, SuatThe hypothalamic nuclei play a central role in the synthesis of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides, which are regulated by peripheral hormones, like leptin and ghrelin. Melatonergic receptors (MT1/MT2) are prominently expressed in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus - an essential hub for appetite control - and in peripheral metabolic tissues where leptin and ghrelin are secreted. Agomelatine, an antidepressant drug and potent MT1/MT2 agonist, offers potential for modulating appetite. This study aimed to investigate the impact of agomelatine on appetite regulation. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups, control (no treatment), vehicle control, agomelatine 20 mg/kg (Ago-20), and agomelatine 40 mg/kg (Ago-40), and administered oral gavage for 14 days. Body weight and food intake were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, rats were euthanized and blood and hypothalamic tissue samples were obtained. Agomelatine significantly reduced body weight (Ago-40: 275.2 +/- 7.2 g vs. control: 339.7 +/- 8.3 g, P < 0.05) and food intake (Ago-40: 20.21 +/- 1.32 g vs. control: 32.09 +/- 1.58 g, P < 0.05) by day 14, without affecting water intake. Plasma ghrelin levels decreased (Ago-40: 22.54 +/- 3.95 ng/dL vs. control: 46.67 +/- 4.84 ng/dL, P < 0.05), while leptin increased (Ago-40: 552.30 +/- 41.67 pg/mL vs. control: 271.10 +/- 32.12 pg/mL P < 0.05). Hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were suppressed (NPY, Ago40: 0.61 +/- 0.02 vs. Control: 1.36 +/- 0.1321; AgRP, Ago40: 0.52 +/- 0.03 vs. Control: 1.49 +/- 0.27, P < 0.05), while anorexigenic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were elevated (CART: Ago40: 1.19 +/- 0.08 vs. Control: 0.92 +/- 0.06; POMC: Ago40: 1.49 +/- 0.17 vs. Control: 0.67 +/- 0.10, P < 0.05). These findings suggest agomelatine promotes weight loss by modulating appetite-related hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic for obesity and metabolic disorders.
