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Öğe Antifungal activity of microbial chondroitin sulfate against Candida albicans(2020) Ünver, Tuba; Erenler, Ayşe Şebnem; Melekoğlu, Rauf; Akpolat, Nusret; Seçkin, Turgay; Azimov, Raul; Özaslan, Fatma BaharAbstract: A vaginal yeast infection called vaginal candidiasis is the most commonly seen type of Candida infections with a rate of 37%. Vaginal candidiasis affects three fourth (75%) of women in their lifetimes, and this is the most common cause of women seeking gynecological care. Vaginal candidiasis can result in serious symptoms such as discharge, itching, burning sensation, pain, rash and irritation in the vagina and vulva. Candida albicans, in particular, is the most common cause of vaginal candidiasis. Therefore, the treatment and control process of Candida species is very important in terms of health. In this study, as a first step, Microbial Chondroitin Sulfate was produced from Escherichia coli C2987 strain by using a specific microbial system and reliable biotechnological methods. After that, the efficacy of Microbial CS as an antifungal agent on C. albicans strains was tested by using the agar dilution method. As a result, it was determined that the Microbial CS was particularly effective against the yeasts C. albicans, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of Microbial CS was 0.32 g/mL. Our findings showed that Microbial CS can be used in the content of various biomedical products that can be used as an antifungal agent for Candida sp. Microbial CS can also be used to treat the disease alone or to support the treatment that increases the efficacy of antibiotics.Öğe Beneficial effects of curcumin and capsaicin on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in a rat model(BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2018) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Çiftçi, Osman; Çetin, Aslı; Başak, NeşeBackground: In recent years, cancer rates have been rising among reproductive-age women. Thus, chemotherapy exposure has become an important cause of premature ovarian failure (POF). There has been growing interest regarding the preservation and restoration of ovarian function before and after oncological treatment because of the reproductive risk of chemotherapeutics and improved long-term survival of cancer patients. In this study, we sought to analyze the effects of curcumin (CRC) and capsaicin (CPS) on cyclophosphamide-induced POF in a rat model. Methods: POF in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide on day 1 and then 8 mg/kg/day for the following 14 days. After 14 days of cyclophosphamide administration, rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows (n = 10/group): POF, POF + CRC (100 mg/kg/day), and POF + CPS (0.5 mg/kg/day) to determine the effects of CRC and CPS on the cyclophosphamide-induced POF rat model. Biochemical, hormonal, and histopathological evaluations were performed on blood and tissue samples 14 days after the CRC and CPS treatments. Results: Malonaldehyde levels were significantly reduced, and glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly increased, in ovarian tissues in the POF + CRC and POF + CPS groups compared with the POF group. In the POF group, we observed hemorrhage and prominent mononuclear cell infiltration beneath the germinative epithelium, vascular congestion in ovarian stroma, hemorrhage around the corpus luteum, and atresia in ovarian follicles. This histopathological damage was significantly improved by treatment with CRC and CPS. There was a significant reduction in serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in rats treated with CRC and CPS compared with the POF group. Moreover, the levels of estradiol and anti-mullerian hormone in rats treated with CRC and CPS were significantly increased compared with the control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, CRC and CPS treatment of rats with cyclophosphamide-induced POF had a beneficial effect on reducing ovarian damage by improving tissue oxidative stress marker levels, ovarian reserve marker levels, and histopathological parameters. The significant improvements in ovarian tissue histopathological damage and hormonal levels detected in this study indicate that treatment with CRC or CPS might be a conservative treatment approach for cyclophosphamide-induced POF.Öğe The beneficial effects of Montelukast against 2 3 7 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin toxicity in female reproductive system in rats(Acta Cir Bras., 2016) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Çiftçi, Osman; Çetin, Aslı; Başak, Neşe; Çelik, EbruPURPOSE: To determine the toxic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on reproductive system and the beneficial effects of Montelukast (ML) with histological and biochemical analysis. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (control, TCDD, ML and TCDD+ML). Tissue samples were collected on day 60 and oxidative status and histological alterations were analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in oxidative and histological damage on uterine and ovarian tissues. Otherwise, the oxidative and histological damages caused by TCDD were prevented with ML treatment. CONCLUSION: The toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on female reproductive system were reversed with Montelukast treatment. Therefore, we claimed that ML treatment might be useful for TCDD toxicity.Öğe The beneficial effects of nerolidol and hesperidin on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model(Gynecologıcal endocrınology, 2018) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Çiftlikci, Osman; Eraslan, Sevil; Çetin, Aslı; Basak, NeseThe objective of this article is to analyze the effects of nerolidol and hesperidin treatment on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model. Endometriosis was induced in 24 healthy adult female Wistar albino rats via homologous uterine horn transplantation. Three operations were performed on each rat. After the second operation, the rats were randomized into control, nerolidol, and hesperidin treatment groups, and medications were administered for 2 weeks. The effects of the drugs on the endometriotic foci were evaluated after the third operation. Compared with the endometriosis control group, the average volume of the lesions was significantly lower in rats treated with hesperidin and nerolidol. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced in the nerolidol-treated group, and glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly elevated in the endometriotic foci of both the hesperidin- and nerolidol-treated groups compared with the endometriosis group. Hesperidin and nerolidol treatment also improved histological parameters, such as hemorrhage, vascular congestion, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the endometriotic foci. The results of this study demonstrated that treatment with the potent antioxidants nerolidol and hesperidin caused a significant regression of surgically induced endometriotic foci in rats.Öğe The Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D3 Against Trichloroethylene Toxicity in Rat Ovaries(2020) Bağcı, Helin; Melekoğlu, Rauf; Çelik Kavak, Ebru; Kuloğlu, Tuncay; Şimşek, MemetAbstract: Objective: Vitamin D3 is an active metabolite of vitamin D and has been reported to have anti-oxidative effects due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation in some tissues both in vitro and in vivo studies. The current study was carried out to assess the protective effects of vitamin D3 on experimental trichloroethylene (TCE) toxicity in rat ovaries by using immunohistochemical detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) in tissues as well as histopathological scores’ computation. Material and Methods: Twenty-four healthy rats were randomly divided into four equivalent groups: control (sham-operated), TCE+vitamin D3 (1000 mg/kg/day and 50 IU/day, in that order), TCE (1000 mg/kg/day), as well as vitamin D3 (50 IU/day). Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on tissue samples 21 days following exposure to vitamin D3 and TCE. Results: Histopathological examination showed a significant decrease of angiogenesis in the corpus luteum and a substantial degeneration in the ovarian follicles and germinal epithelium in ovarian tissues of TCE group. Also, immunohistochemical examination for MDA immunoreactivity revealed that MDA immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the TCE group compared to the control group. We observed that vitamin D3 administration improved histological parameters, which include follicular degeneration as well as germinal epithelium degeneration, limiting TCE’s negative impacts on ovarian tissues. It was also confirmed that MDA immunoreactivity was considerably reduced in ovarian tissues in the TCE + vitamin D3 group. Conclusion: In this study, the significant improvements observed in immunohistochemical and histopathological tissue oxidative stress parameters indicate that treatment with vitamin D3 could be a conservative method to prevent ovarian TCE toxicity.Öğe Çok erken preterm prematür membran rüptüründe koryoamniyoniti öngörmede maternal delta nötrofil indeksinin yeri(Perinatoloji Dergisi, 2017) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Eraslan, Sevil; Çelik, Ebru; Gözde, Harika; Bağ, GözükaraÖz: Amaç: Bu çalışmada çok erken preterm prematür membran rüptürü ile komplike olan gebeliklerde koryoamniyoniti predikte etmede maternal delta nötrofil indeksinin kullanımını değerlendirmeyi ve bu indeksi diğer rutin enfeksiyon belirteçleriyle karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: ınönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği’ne 01.04.2014 – 01.01.2017 tarihleri arasında, gebeliğin 16–24. haftasında preterm prematür membran rüptürü nedeni ile başvuran ve bekleme yönetimi uygulanmış tüm hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak taranarak, çalışma kriterlerine uygun hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Koryoamniyonitin olduğu serum lökosit, C reaktif protein (CRP), prokalsitonin ve delta nötrofil indeksi (DN‹) seviyelerinin cut-off değerlerini saptamak için receiver operating characteristic (ROC) e¤risi analizi kullanıldı ve sensitivite ve spesifite değerleri hesaplandı. Tüm analizlerde anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışma kriterlerine uygun toplam 73 hasta saptandı. Bu hastalardan 43’ü (%58.9) izlem sırasında koryoamniyonit tanısı alırken, 30’unda (%41.1) koryoamniyonit saptanmadı. DNı için cut-off değeri %93.02 sensitivite, %93.33 spesifite ile 1.0 [area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.943, %95 güven aralığı (CI) 0.863–0.984, p<0.0001], lökosit için cut-off değeri %51.16 sensitivite, %90 spesifite ile 13.9 (AUROC 0.650 %95 CI 0.529–0.758, p=0.0239), CRP için cut-off de¤eri %67.44 sensitivite, %76.67 spesifite ile 1.34 (AUROC 0.708, %95 CI 0.590– 0.808, p=0.0006) saptandı. Sonuç: Delta nötrofil indeksi çok erken preterm prematüre membran rüptürü gelişen hastalarda izlem sırasında koryoamniyonit prediksiyonunda kullanışlı olabilecek, tam kan sayımı ile birlikte bakılabilen, hızlı sonuç alınabilen, ek maliyet gerektirmeyen bir enfeksiyon belirteci olup testin diagnostik performans› CRP, prokalsitonin ve lökosite göre daha yüksek görünmektedir. Başlık (İngilizce): The use of maternal delta neutrophil index for the prediction of chorioamnionitis in very early preterm premature rupture of membranes Öz (İngilizce): Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the use of maternal delta neutrophil index for the prediction of chorioamnionitis in pregnancies complicated with very early preterm premature rupture of membranes, and to compare this index with other routine infection markers. Methods: The files of all patients who admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Faculty of Medicine, ‹nönü University, due to preterm premature rupture of membranes between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation between April 1, 2014 and January 1, 2017 and applied expectant management were reviewed retrospectively, and the patients who were eligible for the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analy is was used to determine cut-off values of serum leukocyte with chorioamnionitis, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and delta neutrophil index (DNI) levels, and sensitivity and specificity values were calculated. In all analyses, 0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: A total of 73 patients matching with inclusion criteria were identified. While 43 (58.9%) of these patients were diagnosed with chorioamnionitis, no chorioamnionitis was found in 30 (41.1%) patients. While the cut-off value for DNI was 1.0 [area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.943, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.863–0.984, p<0.0001] with 93.02% sensitivity and 93.33% specificity, it was 13.9 (AUROC 0.650 95% CI 0.529– 0.758, p=0.0239) for leukocyte with 51.16% sensitivity and 90% specificity, and 1.34 (AUROC 0.708, 95% CI 0.590–0.808, p= 0.0006) for CRP with 67.44% sensitivity and 76.67% specificity. Conclusion: Delta neutrophil index is an infection marker which may be useful for the prediction of chorioamnionitis during followup in patients who develop very early preterm premature rupture of membranes, can be checked by complete blood count, of which results can be obtained quickly and does not requires additional costs, and the diagnostic performance of the test seems higher than CRP, procalcitonin and leukocyteÖğe Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus during the first trimester of pregnancy based on the one step approach of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups(International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2016) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Eraslan ,Sevil; Çelik, Ebru; Çolak, CemilAbstract To examine the utility of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), conducted according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), for the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to propose new cut-off values. A total of 350 prospectively enrolled patients were admitted to Inonu University School of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic between April 2012 and January 2015 for first-trimester screening. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the first trimester of pregnancy (11–13 weeks) was diagnosed using the 75-g OGTT. In patients who tested negative, the OGTT was repeated at 24– 28 weeks. GDM was diagnosed in 14.6% of the patients, of whom 80.3% were diagnosed during the first trimester. In these patients, there were no remarkable changes in fasting plasma glucose level when a fasting glucose cutoff of 92 mg/dl was used for the diagnosis of GDM. The sensitivity and specificity of the OGTT were 66.6% and 99.3%, respectively (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.892, 95% CI 0.855–0.923, p < 0.001). The cutoff value for a positive 75-g OGTT result was reduced from 180 to 173 mg/dl for the 1-h post-glucose load (AUROC 0.908, 95% CI 0.873–0.936, p < 0.001) and from 153 to 129 mg/dl for the 2-h post-glucose load (AUROC 0.861, 95% CI 0.515– 0.775, p < 0.001). The 75-g OGTT based on IADPSG criteria can be used to detect 80% of GDM cases as early as the first trimester. A modification of current cutoff values would improve the sensitivity of the test but lower its specificity.Öğe Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus during the first trimester of pregnancy based on the one step approach of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups(International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2016) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Eraslan, Sevil; Çelik, Ebru; Çolak, CemilAbstract To examine the utility of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), conducted according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), for the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to propose new cut-off values. A total of 350 prospectively enrolled patients were admitted to Inonu University School of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic between April 2012 and January 2015 for first-trimester screening. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the first trimester of pregnancy (11–13 weeks) was diagnosed using the 75-g OGTT. In patients who tested negative, the OGTT was repeated at 24– 28 weeks. GDM was diagnosed in 14.6% of the patients, of whom 80.3% were diagnosed during the first trimester. In these patients, there were no remarkable changes in fasting plasma glucose level when a fasting glucose cutoff of 92 mg/dl was used for the diagnosis of GDM. The sensitivity and specificity of the OGTT were 66.6% and 99.3%, respectively (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.892, 95% CI 0.855–0.923, p < 0.001). The cutoff value for a positive 75-g OGTT result was reduced from 180 to 173 mg/dl for the 1-h post-glucose load (AUROC 0.908, 95% CI 0.873–0.936, p < 0.001) and from 153 to 129 mg/dl for the 2-h post-glucose load (AUROC 0.861, 95% CI 0.515– 0.775, p < 0.001). The 75-g OGTT based on IADPSG criteria can be used to detect 80% of GDM cases as early as the first trimester. A modification of current cutoff values would improve the sensitivity of the test but lower its specificity.Öğe Gebelikte influenza enfeksiyonu(İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı, Malatya, 2017) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Keskin, Uğur; Tarım, Ebru; Şen, CihatÖz: inşuenza virüs enfeksiyonu sık görülen ve genellikle kendini sınırlayan solunum sisteminin akut viral enfeksiyonudur. Gebelik gibi bazı özel durumlarda genel topluma oranla hastalığın komplikasyonları daha sık görülme eğilimindedir. ınşuenza sezonu boyunca gebe kadınlarda inşuenza enfeksiyonu nedeniyle hastaneye başvuru sayısı, hastaneye yatış ihtiyacı ve akut respiratuvar distres nedenli yoğun bakım ihtiyacı gebe olmayan kadınlara oranla anlamlı oranda yüksektir. ınşuenza enfeksiyonunda mevsimsel olarak ilk olgular genelde ekim ayı gibi bildirilmeye başlanmakta, ocak-şubat aylarında olgu sayılarında ciddi artış olmakta ve mayıs ayına kadar olgular bildirilmeye devam etmektedir. ınşuenza sezonu olarak bilinen ekim-mayıs ayları arasında gebe olan kadınların inaktive inşuenza aşısı ile aşılanmaları önerilmektedir. ınaktive inşuenza aşısı gebeliğin herhangi bir zamanında uygulanabilir. Canlı, atenüe inşuenza aşıları postpartum dönemde kullanılabilse de gebelik döneminde kullanılmamalıdır. ınşuenza enfeksiyonu tanısı daha çok klinik olarak konur. Özellikle pandemi durumlarında tanısal testlerin sonucu beklenmeden klinik şüphe durumunda gebelere ampirik tedavi önerilmektedir. ınşuenza enfeksiyonu şüphesi olan veya inşuenza enfeksiyonu olduğu doğrulanmış, hastaneye yatış endikasyonu olan gebeler hastaneye yatırılmalı ve uygun antiretroviral tedavi, tanısal testlerin sonuçları beklenmeden hızlıca başlanmalıdır. Gebelik sırası nda nöraminidaz inhibitörü antiviral ilaçların kullanımı, şüpheli veya kanıtlanmış inşuenza enfeksiyonu bulunan hastaların tedavisi ve inşuenza maruziyetinden sonra profilaksisi için endikedir. Oseltamivir, inşuenza suşlarında direnç görülme oranının düşük olması, sistemik emiliminin iyi olması ve bu ilaçla ilgili klinik deneyimin yüksek olması nedeniyle gebelikte inşuenza enfeksiyonu tedavisi ve profilaksisinde kullanılması önerilen seçkin bir nöraminidaz inhibitörüdür.Öğe İdiyopatik trombositopenik purpuralı gebelerin maternal ve neonatal sonuçları(2017) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Eraslan, Sevil; Baştemur, Ayşe Gülçin; Çelik, Ebru; Gözükara Bağ, HarikaÖz: Amaç: Bu çalışmada kliniğimizde gebelik takibi ve doğumu gerçekleştirilen idiyopatik trombositopenik prupura (ITP) tanısı almış gebelerin maternal ve neonatal sonuçlarını ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmamızda inönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği’nde, 01.01.2010 – 01.01.2017 tarihleri arasında gebelik takibi ve doğumu gerçekleştirilen idiyopatik trombositopenik purpural› gebelerin ve yenidoğanların dosyalar› retrospektif olarak taranarak, çal›flma kriterlerine uygun hastalar çal›flmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular: Çalşma periyodu boyunca ITP tan›s› ile izlenen 68 hastadan 12’sinin (%17.6) gebelik s›ras›nda, 56’s›n›n (%82.4) ise gebelik öncesi ITP tan›s› ald›ğ› saptand›. Do¤um s›ras›nda trombosit say›s› 50×109 /l’nin alt›nda olan hastalarda steroid kullan›m›, trombosit say›s› 50×109/l’nin üstünde olan hastalara göre istatistiksel olarak anlaml› düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p=0.003). Trombosit say›s› >50×109 /l olan ITP’li gebe grubunda 13 (%29.5) hastada, trombosit say›s› <50×109 /l olan gebe grubunda ise 1 (%4.2) hastada gebelik öncesinde splenektomi operasyonu geçirme öyküsü izlendi (p=0.013). Doğum flekli sezaryen olan hasta grubu ile vajinal doğum olan hasta grubu aras›nda yenidoğan yoğun bak›m ihtiyac› ve yenidoğan tedavi gereksinimi aç›s›ndan anlamlı fark izlenmedi (s›ras›yla p=0.889 ve p=0.598). Doğum s›ras›nda 6 (%8.8) hastada postpartum kanama gözlenirken, 17 (%25) hastada trombosit aferez, 5 (%7.3) hastada intravenöz immunglobulin (IVIG), 8 (%13.2) hastada ise trombosit aferez ile birlikte IVIG tedavisi kullan›ld›. Doğumda maternal trombosit say›s› ile doğumda yenido¤an trombosit say›s› aras›nda anlaml› ilişki saptanmad› (p=0.625; r=0.06). Sonuç: ITP’li gebelerin maternal ve neonatal prognozu genellikle iyidir. Gebelik sırasında maternal trombosit sayısının <50×109 /l olması gebelik sırasında daha fazla medikal tedavi gereksinimi ve doğum sırasında daha fazla kan ürünü ihtiyac› ile ilişkili olup doğum fleklinin perinatal sonuçlar üzerine etkisi görünmemektedir.Öğe Immunhistochemical analysis of nuclear factor kappa beta expression in etiopathogenesis of ovariantumors(ACTA CIRURGICA BRASILEIRA, ALAMEDA RIO CLARO, 179-41, SAO PAULO, SP 01332-010, BRAZIL, 2018) Yılmaz, Ercan; Gül, Mehmet; Melekoğlu, Rauf; Köleli, IşılPurpose: To investigate the place of the transcription factor nuclear kappa B (NF-kappa B), which is a marker of chronic inflammation, in the etiology of the ovarian carcinoma. Methods: NFkB analysis with the immunohistochemical method has been performed. To evaluate immunohistochemical NF-kappa B expression in the ovarian tissue, the H-score method. H-score = Sigma Pi (i+1), where "Pi'' is the percentage of stained cells in each intensity category (0-100%) and "i'' is the intensity indicating weak (i=1), moderate (i=2) or strong staining (i=3). Results: It has been seen that, the mean H score is statistically significantly higher in the patient group with serous and musinous adenocarcinoma diagnosis than the two other patient groups (p<0.005). Conclusions: Factor nuclear kappa B is an important mediator that acts in the chronic inflammation. The highest expression rates are determined by the immunohistochemical method in the ovarian cancer group.Öğe Investigation of the effect of gestational diabetes on fetal cardiac tissue in streptozotocin induced in rats(1)(ACTA CIRURGICA BRASILEIRA, ALAMEDA RIO CLARO, 179-41, SAO PAULO, SP 01332-010, BRAZIL, 2018) Yılmaz, Ercan; Gül, Mehmet; Melekoğlu, Rauf; Türköz, Yusuf; Özyalın, Fatma; Parlakpınar, HakanPurpose: To Investigate the cause of congenital anomalies resulted from gestational diabetes on fetal cardiac tissue in experimental animal study model. Methods: Totally 12 female WIstar albino rats were divided Into two groups, each consisting of 6 rats. Streptozotocln (60 mg/kg) was administered intraperltoneally to the study group by dissolving In citrate solution. The rats with a blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL and above were considered to be diabetic rats. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative stress (TOS) and oxidative stress Index (OSI) values were calculated In the cardiac tissues and maternal serum samples of the fetuses delivered by cesarean section after the mating process. The cardiac tissues were also subjected to hlstopathologlcal examination. Results: TOS and OSI values In fetal cardiac tissues of the diabetic rats were found to be significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.026 and p=0.005). Histopathological examination revealed that the mitotic Index was lower and the cell organization was found to be damaged In the fetuses of the study group rats. Conclusion: Increased levels of free oxygen radicals considered to be due to hyperglycemia may cause congenital anomalies, especially during organogenesis period, by disrupting cell homeostasis and adversely affecting mitosis.Öğe Mikrobiyal kondroitin sülfatın farklı Candida suşları üzerindekiantifungal etkinliğinin deneysel vulvovajinal kandidiyazis ratmodelinde değerlendirilmesi(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2024) Melekoğlu, Rauf; Erenler, Ayşe Şebnem; Geçkil, HikmetKondroitin Sülfat (KS), vücutta yapısal ve sinyal iletim fonksiyonlarına sahip sülfatlanmış bir glikozaminoglikandır. Ayrıca nutrasötik ve farmasötik bir ajan olarak dünya genelinde yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadır. KS'nin kemik mineralizasyonu, sinir gelişimi ve anjiyogeneze katkı sağladığı, antioksidan ve antienflamatuvar özellikler gösterdiği kanıtlanmıştır. Candida türleri, yüzeysel ve mukozal enfeksiyonlardan, invaziv kandidemi ve metastatik organ tutulumuna kadar geniş bir klinik yelpazede enfeksiyonlara yol açarak, insanlarda morbidite ve mortalitenin başlıca nedenleri arasında yer alır. Vulvovajinal kandidiyazis, kadınların % 70-75'ini hayatları boyunca en az bir kez etkileyen sık rastlanan bir vajinal enfeksiyon türüdür. Candida enfeksiyonlarına karşı geliştirilen antifungal tedavi seçenekleri konusunda halen önemli bilgi eksiklikleri bulunmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında, biyoteknolojik yöntemler kullanılarak rekombinant E. coli (C2987) suşundan üretilen mikrobiyal KS'nin (MKS), deneysel vulvovajinal kandidiyazis rat modelinde çeşitli Candida suşlarına karşı antifungal etkileri araştırılmış ve diğer yaygın antifungal ajanlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Kondroitin sentezinde rol oynayan kfoA, kfoC, kfoF genleri ve Vitreoscilla hemoglobin genini (vgb) içeren pETM6-PACF-vgb plazmidinin E. coli suşuna transforme edilmesiyle üretilen MKS, NMR ve HPLC analizleri ile yapısal bütünlüğü ve saflık açısından doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca, farklı oranlarda MKS içeren krem formülasyonlarının kimyasal yapısı FTIR analizleri ile desteklenmiştir. Deneysel vulvovajinal kandidiyazis modelinde tedavi edilen gruplarda, özellikle % 0.5 ve %1 MKS kullanılan gruplarda, vajinal lavaj sıvısındaki Candida koloni sayıları ve sitokin düzeyleri, kontrol grubuna ve nistatin ile fentikonazol gibi antifungal ajanlarla tedavi edilen gruplara kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur. MKS'nin düşük dozlarda dahi etkinlik göstermesi, bu ajanın vajinal enfeksiyonlara karşı potansiyel koruyucu ve tedavi edici etkisini desteklemektedir. Bu sonuçlar, MKS'nin klinik kullanımı ve daha fazla araştırılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Antifungal aktivite, Candida spp., Mikrobiyal Kondroitin Sülfat, Vajinal kandidiyazisÖğe Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like: a new biomarker in the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND, 2018) Yılmaz, Ercan; Gül, Mehmet; Melekoğlu, Rauf; Coşkun, Ebru İnci; Gül, Semir; Baştemur, Ayşe GülçinObjectives Endometrial cancer is the most frequent tumor of the female genital tract. Ubiquitin is a small protein (8.5 kDa) found in all eukaryotic cells, binds to substrate proteins via a three-phase enzymatic pathway referred to as ubiquitination and plays an important role in cellular stability. Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like (NEDD4L) functions in the last phase of this enzymatic process. In this study, we investigated NEDD4L protein expression in endometrial cancer. Methods The study participants were divided into patients with benign endometrial pathologies (Group 1, n=23), patients with endometrial hyperplasia (Group 2, n=21) and patients with endometrial cancer (Group 3, n=20). NEDD4L expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining and H scores were calculated to standardize staining intensity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0. Results NEDD4L expression levels according to H scores were significantly lower in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer compared with those with benign endometrial pathologies. Conclusion NEDD4L is involved in maintaining cell stability, and reduced NEDD4L expression as a result of gene mutation may disrupt this balance in favor of tumorigenesis.Öğe Normal Ovaryan Fonksiyonu Olan Kadınlarda Yaş SpesiŞk FSH Seviyelerinin İn Vitro Fertilizasyon-İntrasitoplazmik Sperm Enjeksiyonu/ Embriyo Transferi Sonuçları Üzerine Etkisi(Türkiye Klinikleri Jinekoloji Obstetrik Dergisi, 2016) Ürünsakc, İbrahim Ferhat; Melekoğlu, RaufÖz:Çalışmaya başlamadan önce çalışmanın yapılacağı Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı Etik Kurulu'ndan onay alındı. Çalışmamızda 01 Ocak 2010-01 Ocak 2014 tarihleri arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı Üremeye Yardımcı Tedavi Merkezinde açıklanamayan infertilite gerekçesiyle KOS için rekombinant FSH kullanılmış ve sonra- sında IVF-ICSI/ET uygulanmış 392 hastanın ilk sik- luslarına ait dosyaları retrospektif olarak tarandı Başlık (İngilizce):The Effect of Age Specific FSH Levels on In Vitro Fertilization—Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection/ Embryo Transfer Outcomes in Women With Normal Ovarian Function Öz (İngilizce):AABBSS TTRRAACCTT OObbjjeeccttiivvee:: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of age specific follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels on the number of oocytes, the number of MII oocytes, fertilization, the number of grade 1 embryos and pregnancy rate in vomen with normal ovarian function for in vitro fertilization-intracytoplas- mic sperm injection/embryo transfer cycles. MMaatteerriiaall aanndd MMeetthhooddss:: In this study 392 patients data were re- viewed retrospectively between 01.01.2010 - 01.01.2014 at Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Assisted Reproduction Treatment Centre who used recombinant fol- licle stimulating hormone for controlled ovarian stimulation than performed in vitro fertilization- intracyto- plasmic sperm injection/ embryo transfer due to unexplained infertility. Patients were grouped as women of age 33 and lower, 33-37 and 38-41. Each age group were divided into two subgroups; premature ovaraian aging and control group. Subgroups in all age groups were compared in terms of baseline characteristics and in vitro fertilization (IVF) results. RReessuullttss:: In younger age group the total gonadotropin dose used and the duration of induction were detected statistically significantly higher than premature ovarian aging (POA) patients in con- trol patients. (p=0.004, p=0.048) E2 level at hCG administration day, number of oocytes obtained and the number of MII oocytes were lower than the control group in POA patients (p=0,001, p=0.022, p=0.023 re- spectively). In the 33-37 age range, in the POA group E2 level at hCG administration day, number of oocytes and the number of MII oocytes retrieved was lower than the control group (p<0.0001, p=0.027, p=0.040 re- spectively). CCoonncclluussiioonn:: Interperation and consideration of age-specific FSH levels in treatment planning while taking into account the patient’s age may contribute to optimize the IVF outcomes in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulationÖğe Renal cell carcinoma diagnosed during pregnancy: A case report and literature review(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND, 2018) Yılmaz, Ercan; Oğuz, Fatih; Tuncay, Görkem; Melekoğlu, Rauf; Beytur, Ali; Coşkun, Ebru İnci; Güneş, AliDiagnosing cancer during pregnancy is uncommon. Although pregnancies with concomitant malignancies have been reported, urological tumours are possibly the most rarely identified tumours during pregnancy. Renal cell carcinoma appears to be the most common urological malignancy during pregnancy. In this case report, we discuss successful management of a patient who was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma during the antenatal period.Öğe Treatment of unruptured cornual pregnancies by local injections of methotrexate or potassium chloride under transvaginal ultrasonographic guidance(Professıonal medıcal publıcatıons, panorama centre, rm 522, 5th floor, bldg 2, raja ghazanfar alı rd, po box 8766, saddar, karachı 00000, pakıstan, 2018) Tuncay, Görkem; Karaer, Abdullah; Coşkun, Ebru İnci; Melekoğlu, RaufObjective: To demonstrate the outcome of intralesional management and show the safety of local treatment of cornual pregnancy. Methods: Eight patients were treated with local methotrexate or potassium chloride injection. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination and were diagnosed by the criteria defined by TimorTritsch. In the case of fetal heart beat observation, potassium chloride was injected; and in the case of no heart beat detection, methotrexate was used. A follicle aspiration needle was inserted directly into the gestational sac under transvaginal guidance. Results: Although it has been considered to be a risk factor, none of the patients in our study had previous ectopic pregnancy, history of infertility / in vitro fertilization, or cornual pregnancy. One of the patients had a medical history of abortion. In four cases, methotrexate was injected, and three patients received potassium chloride as a local treatment. None of the patients had any complication in the peri- or postoperative period. Conclusion: Using a local approach, the treatment agent can reach the area of the cornual pregnancy in high concentrations. Based on this case series, a local approach seems to be an effective and fertilitysparing method for treating unruptured cornual pregnancies.
