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Öğe 4,5-Dihydro-imidazol-2-ylidene-linked palladium complexes as catalysts for the direct C-H bond arylation of azoles(Wiley, 2022) Kaloglu, Murat; Ozdemir, Namik; Ozdemir, IsmailRecently, PEPPSI-type palladium-complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand have commonly been used as the effective catalysts in the direct arylation of heteroaromatic compounds. In most of previous studies catalyzed by such complexes, unsaturated ring carbene ligands such as benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene and imidazol-2-ylidene were used. However, the use of saturated ring carbene ligands such as 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-ylidene has been highly limited. Therefore, in this study, four novel 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazolium salts were synthesized as saturated ring carbene precursors. Then, well-defined air- and moisture-stable four novel PEPPSI-type palladium-complexes with 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-ylidene ligands were prepared. All synthesized carbene precursors and palladium-complexes were structurally characterized by different spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Further structural characterization of two of the palladium-complexes was performed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Next, the palladium-complexes were tested in the direct arylation of azoles such as 4,5-dimethylthiazole and 1-methyl-1H-imidazole with (hetero)aryl halides in presence of 1 mol% catalyst loading at 120 degrees C. The results showed that these novel palladium complexes are effective catalysts.Öğe Antimicrobial activities of bis-(N-alkylbenzimidazole)-cobalt(II) and zinc (II) complexes(Elsevier, 2023) Sahin, Neslihan; Ustuen, Elvan; Ozdemir, Ilknur; Gunal, Selami; Ozdemir, Namik; Bulbul, Hakan; Gurbuz, NevinEight benzimidazole precursors (L), namely 1-allyl-benzimidazole, 1-methallyl-benzimidazole, 1-isopropyl-benzimidazole, 1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl-benzimidazole, 1-allyl-5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole, 1-methallyl-5,6dimethyl-benzimidazole, 1-isopropyl-5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole and 1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl-5,6dimethyl-benzimidazole, were coordinated to cobalt(II) and zinc(II) cations to form complexes of the type [MCl2L2]. Single-crystal X-ray structures were determined for two cobalt(II) and for one zinc(II) complexes and confirmed their tetrahedral molecular geometry. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these two series of cobalt(II) and zinc(II) complexes were studied against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae), Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) bacteria and fungal strains (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata). Overall, cobalt(II) complexes were more effective than the zinc(II) complexes against all microorganisms. The most significant results were obtained with the two dichloro-bis(1-allyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)-cobalt(II) and dichloro-bis(1-methallyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)-cobalt(II) complexes against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata fungi with measured minimal inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.024 mu mol/mL, values close to those obtained with the commercially available drug Flucanozole (0.020 mu mol/mL).Öğe Benzimidazol-2-ylidene ruthenium complexes for C-N bond formation through alcohol dehydrogenation(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Nawaz, Zahid; Gurbuz, Nevin; Zafar, Muhammed naveed; Ozdemir, Namik; Cetinkaya, Bekir; Ozdemir, IsmailA low temperature hydrogen borrowing approach to generate secondary amines using benzimidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene (BNHC) ruthenium complexes is reported. A series of the piano-stool complexes of the type [(eta 6-p-cymene)(BNHC)RuCl2] (1a-g) were synthesized via one-pot reaction of the NHC salt precursor, Ag2O, and [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 and characterized using con-ventional spectroscopic techniques. The geometry of two precursors, [(eta 6-p-cymene)(Me4BnMe2BNHCCH2OxMe)RuCl2] (1f) and [(eta 6-p-cymene)(Me5BnMe2BNHCCH2OxMe)RuCl2] (1g), was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. These catalysts were found to dehydrogenate alcohols efficiently at temperatures as low as 50 degrees C to allow Schiff-base condensation and subsequent imine hydrogenation to afford secondary amines. Notably, this ruthenium-based procedure enables the N-alkylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic primary amines with a wide range of primary alcohols in excellent yields of up to 98%. The present methodology is green and water is liberated as the sole byproduct.Öğe Benzimidazol-2-ylidene Silver Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities, Molecular Docking and Theoretical Investigations(Mdpi, 2023) Tutar, Ugur; Celik, Cem; Ustuen, Elvan; Ozdemir, Namik; Sahin, Neslihan; Semeril, David; Gurbuz, NevinFive silver(I) complexes, namely chloro[1-methallyl-3-benzyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene] silver (6), chloro[1-methallyl-3-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene]silver (7), chloro[1-methallyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxylbenzyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene]silver (8), chloro[1-methallyl- 3-(naphthylmethyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene]silver (9), and chloro [1-methallyl-3-(anthracen-9-yl- methyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene]silver (10), were prepared starting from their corresponding benzimidazolium salts and silver oxide in 71-81% yields. A single-crystal X-ray structure of 7 was determined. These five Ag-NHC complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial and biofilm formation inhibition properties. Complex 10 exhibited high antimicrobial activities comparable to those obtained with standard drugs such as Fluconazole in contact with Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans. The latter complex has been shown to be very efficient in antibiofilm activity, with 92.9% biofilm inhibition at 1.9 mu g/mL on Escherichia coli. Additionally, the molecules were optimized with DFT-based computational methods for obtaining insight into the structure/reactivity relations through the relative energies of the frontier orbitals. The optimized molecules were also analyzed by molecular docking method against DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli and CYP51 from Candida albicans.Öğe Benzotriazole functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene-silver(I) complexes: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, DNA binding, and molecular docking studies(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Onar, Gulnihan; Karatas, Mert Olgun; Balcioglu, Sevgi; Tok, Tugba Taskin; Gurses, Canbolat; Kilic-Cikla, Isin; Ozdemir, NamikIn this study, six [Ag(NHC)(2)](+)[AgCl2](-) type silver complexes were synthesized by the reaction of corresponding carbene precursor and Ag2O. One [Ag(NHC)(2)]+NO3- type complex was synthesized by the anion exchange reaction of corresponding silver-NHC and NaNO3. The synthesized complexes were characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and IR spectroscopic methods, and elemental analysis. X-ray crystal structure of 5a was also reported. Cytotoxicities of all compounds were evaluated against human breast (MCF-7) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cell lines and non-cancer mouse fibroblast (L-929) cell lines. All complexes performed stronger activity against both cancer cell lines than standard compound cisplatin while complex 3b performed nearly equal cytotoxicity to cisplatin against non-cancer L-929. Antimicrobial effects of all compounds were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans and good activities were observed. The docking results indicated that complex 3b might be classified as druggable molecule in drug design. DNA binding study also demonstrates that 3b complex has an interaction ability to DNA. Combination of experimental and molecular docking results revealed that reported complexes are promising structures and deserve further research as anticancer drugs. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Biological determination, molecular docking and Hirshfeld surface analysis of rhoduim(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex: Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT calculations, optical and non linear optical properties(Elsevier Science Sa, 2023) Zouaghi, Mohamed Oussama; Amri, Nasser; Hassen, Sabri; Arfaoui, Youssef; Ozdemir, Namik; Ozdemir, Ismail; Hamdi, NaceurThe synthesis and characterization of 1-(isobutyl)-3-(2.3.5.6 tetramethylbenzyl)-5.6-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride and its N-functionalized Rhodium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex have been described. The ligand 2 and the complex 3 were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, DART-TOF mass spec-trometry and elemental analysis. The coordination mode of the complex was confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. We performed a comparative theoretical study in order to investigate the impact of the iridium on the optoelectronic and non-linear optical properties of the complex. The M06-2X functional with the mixed basis set (6-31G(d): def2tzvp) was found the best method for optimizing the studied complex since it displayed close geometric data to the experiment. As a novelty in this work, iridium was found to be a performer for NLO ap-plications over rhodium. This Rh(I)-N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) showed good catalytic performance for the hydrosilylation of acetophenone derivatives with triethylsilane at 80 C for 1 h by using 1 mol % of this complex. The cytotoxic properties of the rhodium(I)-NHC complex have been assessed against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and the complex show interest activity. The in vitro antibacterial activity of this complex were also investigated against Micrococcus luteus LB 14110, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans microorganisms indicated their significant biological potential. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the same complex has been analyzed with DPPH center dot free radical through spectrophotometric method and the result inferred them as an antioxidant. The potential biological activities were investigated by using molecular docking analysis.Öğe The direct C(sp2)-H functionalization and coupling of aromatic N-heterocycles with (hetero)aryl bromides by [PdX2(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(Py)] catalysts(Elsevier Science Sa, 2021) Kaloglu, Murat; Slimani, Ichraf; Ozdemir, Namik; Gurbuz, Nevin; Hamdi, Naceur; Ozdemir, IsmailIn this study, a series of air- and moisture-stable imidazolidin-2-ylidene-based new palladium complexes with the general formula [PdX2(NHC)(Py)] were synthesized (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, Py = pyridine, X = Cl or I). The structures of the palladium complexes were characterized by different techniques such as H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The more detailed structural characterization of one of the palladium complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The catalytic activities of all palladium complexes were tested in the direct arylation of five-membered aromatic N-heterocycles such as 3,5-dimethylisoxazole and 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde with (hetero)aryl bromides in presence of 1 mol% catalyst loading at 120 degrees C. Desired products were obtained in moderate to good yields. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Experimental and Quantum Mechanical Investigation of N-heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complex: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity(Biointerface Research Applied Chemistry, 2022) Slimani, Ichraf; Zouaghi, Mohamed Oussama; Jebli, Nejib; Youssef, Arfaoui; Ozdemir, Namik; Ozdemir, Ismail; Gurbuz, NevinIn this study, we report the synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of Pd-NHC-PEPPSI complex 2a. Further confirmations of structural details were provided by a single-crystal X-ray. A single crystal of 2a shows that the coordination geometry around Pd slightly distorted square-planar geometry. Intermolecular interactions have been studied through the NBO analyses. Structural parameters and spectroscopic properties of the complexes are well interpreted by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Moreover, the complex 2a showed a remarkable antimicrobial effect against Micrococcus luteus LB 14110mm, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans.Öğe Experimental and quantum mechanical investigation on two N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Ozdemir, Namik; Touj, Nedra; Yasar, Sedat; Hamdi, Naceur; Ozdemir, IsmailTwo palladium complexes bearing different ligands such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), pyridine and phosphines were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and quantum-chemical computations. DFT calculations have been performed at HSEh1PBE/SDD level of theory. Intermolecular interactions have been studied through two-dimensional fingerprint plots based on Hirshfeld surface analysis. Structural parameters and spectroscopic properties of the complexes are well interpreted by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.Öğe First used of Alkylbenzimidazole-Cobalt(II) complexes as a catalyst for the N -Alkylation of amines with alcohols under solvent -free medium(Elsevier Science Sa, 2020) Sahin, Neslihan; Yildirim, Ilkay; Ozdemir, Namik; Gurbuz, Nevin; Ozdemir, Ismail[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Half-sandwich Ru(II) arene complexes bearing benzimidazole ligands for the N-alkylation reaction of aniline with alcohols in a solvent-free medium(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2021) Cicek, Metin; Gurbuz, Nevin; Ozdemir, Namik; Ozdemir, Ismail; Ispir, EsinIn this article, the direct N-alkylation reactions of amines with alcohol derivatives using the borrowing hydrogen methodology have been investigated. For this purpose, a new series of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes bearing N-coordinated benzimidazole complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopies. Additionally, the structures of the complexes 2a-2e have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. ALL new complexes were investigated for their catalytic activities in the alkylation reaction of amines with alcohol derivatives. It was found that alkylation reactions in a solvent-free medium are efficient and selective.Öğe N-alkylbenzimidazolepalladium(II) complexes: Synthesis and their catalytic activities in direct C-H functionalization of pyrrole, furan and 2-acetylthiophene(Elsevier Science Sa, 2024) Cicek, Metin; Ispir, Esin; Ozdemir, Namik; Gurbuz, Nevin; Ozdemir, IsmailHerein, we reported the synthesis of six new palladium complexes ( 2a-2f ) containing benzimidazole core and examined their catalytic activities in the direct arylation of heteroaromatic species with aryl bromides. For this purpose, a new series of palladium(II) complexes bearing N-coordinated benzimidazole complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopies. Additionally, the structures of the complexes 2a- 2e have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Further, direct arylation reactions, using KOAc as base and DMAc as solvent under inert conditions, were carried out with the synthesized complexes in the presence of various aryl bromides, and 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, furfuryl acetate, 2-acetylfuran and 2-acetylthiophene. Moreover, moderate to high yields were obtained in the direct arylation of heteroarenes and aryl bromides under 1 % mol catalyst loading conditions.Öğe N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes with different N-coordinated ligands: Comparison of their catalytic activities in Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck reactions(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Karatas, Mert Olgun; Ozdemir, Namik; Alici, Bulent; Ozdemir, IsmailIn this paper, we have reported the synthesis and catalytic activities of four new anthracene substituted imidazole-based palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. The synthesized complexes, 2a-d, were stabilized with different N-heterocycles, namely pyridine, N-methylimidazole, N-vinylimidazole and 4,5-dimethylthiazole, respectively. The complexes were completely characterized using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, IR, LC-MS spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. The crystal structures of 2a, 2c and 2d were also reported. The catalytic activities of all the complexes were tested for Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions in aqueous medium. According to the results, for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, the pyridine bearing complex 2a, and for the Mizoroki-Heck reaction, the 4,5-dimethylthiazole bearing complex 2d were found to be the most active catalysts. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Novel N-Alkylbenzimidazole-Ruthenium (II) complexes: Synthesis and catalytic activity of N-alkylating reaction under solvent-free medium(Wiley, 2019) Sahin, Neslihan; Ozdemir, Namik; Gurbuz, Nevin; Ozdemir, IsmailIn this article, direct N-alkylation reactions of amines with alcohols derivatives have been investigated. For this purpose, a new series ruthenium (II) complexes bearing N-coordinated benzimidazole complexes with have been synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, H-1 NMR and, C-13 NMR spectroscopies. Additionally, the structures of the complexes 2b and 2c have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Although the N-alkylating reaction is usually performed in toluene, the catalytic study of complexes 2a-d has carried out no additional solvent and alcohol acted both as solvent and reactant of alkylating by using a little excess of alcohols. Surprisingly, conversion and selectivity of amine product for alkylation reaction have been seen high in medium solvent-free relative to in toluene.Öğe Palladium(II) and ruthenium(II) complexes of benzotriazole functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes: Cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, and DNA interaction studies(Elsevier Science Sa, 2019) Onar, Gulnihan; Gurses, Canbolat; Karatas, Mert Olgun; Balcioglu, Sevgi; Akbay, Nuriye; Ozdemir, Namik; Ates, BurhanIn the present study, four palladium and four ruthenium complexes were synthesized with benzotriazole substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. The structures of complexes were established by appropriate spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. In addition, the crystal structure of a Pd-NHC complex (1c) was reported. Anticancer, antimicrobial and DNA interaction properties of the complexes were examined. Antimicrobial effects of the complexes were tested against two bacteria strains and one fungi strain. Cytotoxic effects of the complexes were tested against human breast (MCF-7) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cell lines and non-cancer mouse fibroblast (L-929) cell lines. Ruthenium complexes were found as more cytotoxic than palladium complexes against cancer cell lines. Especially, benzyl containing, benzimidazole-based ruthenium complexes (3c and 3d) were found as non-cytotoxic against non-cancer L-929 cell lines while performing comparable cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cancer cell lines with cisplatin. In addition, DNA interaction studies were performed with pBR322 plasmid DNA and ctDNA and results showed that both palladium and ruthenium complexes have weaker ability to interact with DNA than cisplatin. The results from this study showed that although the cytotoxic properties of the complexes are not stronger than cisplatin, selectivity of benzyl containing benzimidazole-based ruthenium-NHC complexes against Caco-2 cell lines provides them an advantage, and they deserve further research in the treatment of human colorectal cancer. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Palladium-carbene catalyzed direct arylation of five-membered heteroaromatics(Elsevier, 2020) Kaloglu, Murat; Kaloglu, Nazan; Ylidirim, Ilkay; Ozdemir, Namik; Ozdemir, IsmailDue to the industrial importance of bi(hetero)arenes, the synthesis of these compounds by homogeneous Pd-catalyzed direct arylation is an important research topic in modern organic chemistry. In this study, PEPPSI-type, (PEPPSI = Pyridine Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation), new Pd-catalysts with N-heterocyclic carbene ligand were synthesized, and they were used as catalysts in the synthesis of bi(hetero)arenes by direct arylation process. The structures of Pd-carbene complexes were elucidated by different spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The more detailed structural characterization of one of the complexes was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Pd-carbene complexes were used as effective catalysts in the direct arylation of five-membered heteroaromatics such as thiophene, furan and thiazole derivatives with (hetero)aryl bromides for 1 h, in the presence of 1 mol% of catalyst loading, and successful results were obtained. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Pd-PEPPSI: X-ray Structure, Spectroscopic Analyses, and Quantum Mechanical Studies(Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2021) Kilic-Cikla, Isin; Sahin, Neslihan; Ozdemir, Namik; Gurbuz, Nevin; Ozdemir, IsmailPyridine enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI) complexes contain two halides, an unstable pyridine derivative and a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. In this study, a new palladium-PEPPSI complex, dichloro[1-allyl-3-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)benzimidazole-2-ylidene]pyridine palladium(II), was synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, H-1, and C-13 NMR spectroscopy techniques. In addition, the molecular geometries, vibrational frequencies, and H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shift values of the complex in the ground state have been calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method with B3LLP/SDD. The frontier molecular orbitals analyses have been performed to explain the energetics and chemical reactivity of palladium-PEPPSI complex. Stability of the complex resulting from hyperconjugative interactions has been analyzed with natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The non-linear optical (NLO) properties have also been described calculating the polarizability and first order hyperpolarizability of the compound.Öğe Ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes of a silyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and their catalytic performance in hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes(Elsevier Science Sa, 2023) Mumcu, Akin; Karatas, Mert Olgun; Ozdemir, Namik; Erdogan, Ali; Kucukbay, HasanHerein, [Ru(NHC)(p-cymene)Cl-2] (3) and [MCl(NHC)(cod)] (M=Rh (4) or Ir (5)) (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) complexes of a silyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC) have been prepared by the transmetalation reaction between Ag-NHC (2) and corresponding starting metal compound. The characterization of the complexes has been completed by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Solid state structures of Ag- (2) and Rh-NHC (4) have also been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. [RhCl(NHC)(CO)(2)] type bis-carbonyl complex (6) has also been prepared and CO stretching frequencies pointed the strong s-donor ability of the silyl-substituted NHC. The catalytic activity of all complexes have been examined in hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. Among the complexes, Ir-NHC has been found out as active catalyst with around 90% conversion and beta-(Z) selectivity at room temperature. Further studies revealed that this complex is able to maintain its stability in catalytic reaction conditions, chemoselective to alkynes in the presence of alkenes, and operable in scale-up reactions. In contrast, bis-carbonyl Rh-NHC performed 82% beta-(Z) selectivity with full conversion of alkyne in first 4 h of reaction, but when reaction time was extended to 24 h, almost all beta-(Z) vinylsilane isomerised to thermodynamically more stable beta-(E). (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Silver and ruthenium complexes with anthracene functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: catalytic and cytotoxicity properties(Springer, 2024) Karatas, Mert Olgun; Kelestemur, Unzile; Mumcu, Akin; Ozdemir, Namik; Erdogan, Ali; Kucukbay, HasanIn this study, we have synthesized two Ag (2a and 2b) and two Ru (3a and 3b) complexes with anthracene substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. Ag-NHC complexes have been synthesized by the interaction of corresponding benzimidazolium chloride and Ag2O. Ru-NHC complexes have been synthesized by the transmetalation reaction between corresponding Ag-NHC and [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer. The synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H and 13C NMR), and mass (high resolution mass spectroscopy, HRMS) spectroscopic techniques. In order to assess the catalytic potential of the Ru-NHC complexes, we have conducted experiments involving the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. Both complexes have exhibited a moderate level of catalytic activity, achieving conversions ranging from 70 to 90%, along with a substantial beta-(Z) selectivity within the range of 80-90%. Furthermore, we have also subjected the benzimidazolium chlorides (1a and 1b), Ag-NHCs and Ru-NHCs to cytotoxicity testing using human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2). The results of these assays have demonstrated that all compounds strongly inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines.Öğe Silyl-functionalised silver rhodium and iridium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with promising cytotoxicity and antimicrobial potential(Elsevier, 2022) Karatas, Mert Olgun; Keskin, Tuba; Ozdemir, Namik; Kucukbay, Hasan; Tekin, Suat; Mansur, Ahmet; Gunal, SelamiIn the present study, we have synthesized Ag, Rh, and Ir complexes of a silyl-substituted NHC ligand in order to investigate their biological properties. Firstly, Ag-NHC (2) complex was synthesized by the interaction of Ag2O with benzimidazolium iodide (1). Rh-(3) and Ir-NHC (4) complexes were synthesized by the transmetalation reaction between Ag-NHC and [M(cod)Cl]2 (M = Rh or Ir) dimers. The complexes were characterised by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses, and crystal structures of Rh-and Ir-NHC (3 and 4) were also reported. The cytotoxic effects of the complexes were tested on four human cancer cell lines and the antimicrobial activities of the complexes were tested against a panel of nine pathogenic microorganisms. The complexes performed com-parable or better activity than standards, cisplatin and AgNO3.
