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    Effect of nitric oxide on bacterial translocation in experimental intestinal obstruction
    (Turkish Surgical Society, 2001) Hasano?lu A.; Karadaş K.; Türköz Y.; Özerol I.H.; Tekereko?lu M.S.; Aydin N.E.; Ertaş E.
    Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of endogenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs that suggested to be the cause of sepsis in patient with multiple organ failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of nitric oxide by using nitric oxide synthetase enzyme inhibitors such as L-NAME and aminoguanidin in the obstructive intestinal rat model. Fourty rats were divided into four groups. The first one was control group and had only laparatomy. Intestinal obstruction was performed to second group, intestinal obstruction + L-NAME (L-NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) were applied to third group. Fourth group had intestinal obstruction and aminoguanidin was injected to them. According to the histopathological study of the intestine, group III demonstrated less ulceration than groups II and IV (p<0.05). Mucosal damage and bacterial translocation showed no correlation according to the results. The incidence of bacterial translocation was 46.6% in group II, 73.3% in group III and 90% in group IV. Eighty two percent of isolated bacteria was typical enteric Gram negative organisms. Bacterial translocation was not observed in control group. Plasma nitric oxide levels of groups were 14.0±3.3, 31.2±7.6, 12.2±2.5, and 10.5±1.8 ?mol/L, respectively. As a conclusion; nitric oxide can damage mucosal integrity that may increase bacterial translocation but the antibacterial effect of nitric oxide may be more effective and nitric oxide can decrease the translocation of bacteria from gut.
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    Relationship between nitric oxide levels and delirium in patients with coronary bypass operation
    (2004) Sezer Ö.; Karlida? R.; Karabulut A.B.; Özcan C.; Nisano?lu V.; Türköz Y.; But A.
    Objective: Delirium is an acute brain failure which is related to various pathological conditions. Although there are some ideas about etiopathogenesis of delirium, some points have not been cleared yet. We aimed to investigate relationship between nitric oxide (NO) levels and delirium prospectively in patients with in coronary bypass operation. Methods: We included 50 (37 males, 13 females, ages: 37-75, mean±sd= 59.8±10.6) patients with coronary illnesses who will undergo bypass operation. Patients with dementia and any systemic disease, except hypertension and coronary artery disease, were excluded from study. Smoking was not allowed at least 7 days prior to operation. We diagnosed delirium using DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria. Delirium Rating Scale was used to estimate delirium severity. Blood samples were taken pre-operationally and post operationally. Patients were divided into two groups as delirium group and nondelirium group. We compared the two groups according to NO levels. Results: 12 of the 50 patients had delirium. While there was no significant difference among blood NO levels pre-operationally between two groups, the NO levels were statistically higher in the delirium group than the nondelirium group. Conclusion: Our study is important since it is first study that investigated the relationship between NO and delirium. Blood NO levels become higher in patients who developed post operationally delirium. These findings can be explained by increased NO production in brain tissue due to increased cerebral ischemia and/or increased response to oxidative stress during operation.