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Öğe Characteristics of Marketed Nanopharmaceutics(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Şalva E.; Tonbul H.This chapter discusses different types of nanopharmaceuticals and their current marketed status. With the development of nanotechnology and nanoscience in every branch of science in recent years and their merging with medicine gave rise to the nanopharmaceutical concept and colloidal dispersion systems re-emerged as nanopharmaceuticals. Nanopharmaceutics are new therapeutics that are developing rapidly with advances in nanotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical trials are being conducted on many nanopharmaceuticals, and some of them are already on the market. Lipid-based and liposomal nanopharmaceutics are preferred as carrier systems for many conventional drugs, especially for drugs that are poorly soluble and highly toxic. Crystalline nanoparticles are important in drug delivery because of their properties such as their nanosize, 100% drug component composition, a large surface area for dissolution, and the ability to provide an extended release profile for poorly soluble drugs. The majority of the nanopharmaceutical market revenue comes from therapeutics, including drugs, devices, and drug delivery systems. © 2022 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.Öğe Drug Delivery with Targeted Nanoparticles: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation Methods(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Çapan Y.; Sahin A.; Tonbul H.Nanotechnology has the potential to change every part of our lives. Today, nanotechnology-based products are used in many areas, and one of the most important areas is drug delivery. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems not only provide controlled delivery of drugs and improved drug solubility but also improve drug efficiency and reduce side effects via targeting mechanisms. However, compared with conventional drug delivery systems, few nanoparticle-based products are on the market and almost all are nontargeted or only passively targeted systems. In addition, obtaining targeted nanoparticle systems is quite complex and requires several evaluation mechanisms. This book discusses the production, characterization, regulation, and currently marketed targeted nanoparticle systems in a broad framework. It provides an overview of targeted nanoparticles’ (i) in vitro characterization, such as particle size, stability, ligand density, and type; (ii) in vivo behavior for different targeting areas, such as tumor, brain, and vagina; and (iii) current advances in this field, including clinical trials and regulation processes. © 2022 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.Öğe Evaluation of Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Tonbul H.Nanotechnology has led to the discovery of new drug delivery systems based on nanoparticulate systems with superior properties that can be useful for biomedical applications. Early examples of nanomedicines are mostly based on organic-based liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. However, they suffer from relatively low stability, inadequate drug-loading capacity, and problems related to drug release, that is, burst release. Inorganic nanoparticles hold great potential to overcome these problems, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are one of the most investigated ones among them. The fabrication of MSNs is generally achieved via a process called soft templating, which is also called supramolecular self-assembly, and occurs in aqueous solution. MSNs have interesting structural features such as a mesoporous structure, nanoscale size, easily tunable surface, large pore volume, and high surface area. More importantly, they are relatively more stable in biological environments when compared to the polymeric system. © 2022 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.Öğe Hybrid PLGA nanoparticles as advanced drug delivery and theranostic applications(Elsevier, 2023) Tonbul H.; Çapan Y.Nanoparticles are ultradispersed solid supramolecular structures made of organic or inorganic materials, preferably smaller than 500nm. These structures hold great potential for improving the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic index of several drugs including small molecules, genes, peptide- and protein-based therapeutics, and diagnostic agents. Generally, these payloads are covalently or electrostatically grafted on the surface or encapsulated within the nanocarriers. Although each nanocarrier has different advantages and drawbacks depending on its material, and none of them are fully superior to others, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles are one of the most investigated among them. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional nanocarriers, using more than one nanocarrier material or a complete nanoparticle system to obtain a single nanosystem has become a focus in the last few decades. These systems are called hybrid nanoparticle systems and generally, they have all the benefits of the source materials and component nanoparticle systems. This chapter aims to provide an overview of hybrid nanoparticles and discusses PLGA-based hybrid nanoparticles and their drug delivery and theranostic applications in depth. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Overcoming the challenges of drug resistance through combination drug delivery approach(Elsevier, 2022) Tonbul H.; Şahin A.; Çapan Y.Anticancer and antimicrobial drug resistances are the most important problems that decrease the overall success of drug treatment in the clinic. The combination of two or more different kinds of drugs in clinical practice has been generally accepted as a feasible strategy to achieve superior therapeutic efficacy. However, codelivery of drugs in free form may fail due to different solubility, pharmacokinetic behavior, and stability problems. Drug delivery systems, mainly nanoparticulate systems, hold the big potential to achieve this problem. In this chapter, different approaches used in combination therapy to overcome drug resistance are discussed. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Regulatory Guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for Actively Targeted Nanomedicines(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Çetintaş H.C.; Tonbul H.; Şahin A.; Çapan Y.Guidelines for nanomedicines that are published by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) are listed later. This chapter reviews the current FDA and EMA regulatory guidelines for nanomedicines and evaluate their potential for use as reference for actively targeted nanomedicines. The FDA has recommended determining critical quality attributes that have a potential impact on product performance and utilize risk assessments that link structure–function relationships. The FDA recommends considering some points for selecting and using characterization methods. The FDA obligates to manufacture nanomaterials containing drugs in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices similar to all drug products. The FDA states that all existing International Conference on Harmonization guidelines addressing nonclinical studies be generally applicable for nanomaterials containing drugs. The FDA states that the drug release characteristics of liposomes should be analyzed and release differences between liposomal and nonliposomal formulations should be added to the application. © 2022 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.Öğe Targeted Drug Delivery of Nanoparticles(Springer Nature, 2022) Tonbul H.; Capan Y.Nanoparticle drug delivery is a very attractive field that can provide to develop more potent and specific drugs. Packaging therapeutic cargos into nanoparticles improve their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and safety profiles. Moreover, somehow targeting these particles to a disease site can detect the presence of the disease site, block a function there, or specifically accumulate a drug to it. In last decade, one of the main research areas for nanoparticle drug delivery system is investigating targeting strategies to improve benefits of them. In this chapter, we review the targetable nano drug delivery system and possible targeting strategies including passive targeting and cellular-subcellular active targeting. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
