International Journal of Instruction Collection
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Öğe Technology in Note Taking and Assessment: The Effects of Congruence on Student Performance(2014) E. BARRETT, Matthew; B. SWAN, Alexander; MAMİKONİAN, Ani; GHAJOYAN, İnna; KRAMAROVA, Olga; J. YOUMANS, RobertThis study examined the encoding specificity principle in relation to traditional and computer-based note taking and assessment formats in higher education. Students (N = 79) took lecture notes either by hand (n = 40) or by computer (n = 39) and then completed either a computer or a paper-based assessment. When note taking and assessment formats were congruent, students scored significantly higher on the assessment when compared to students whose note taking and assessment format were incongruent. These findings highlight the importance of research on how in-class technology may affect student performance, and suggest that faculty and administrators seek to coordinate and standardize the use of assessment and note taking technologies where possible.Öğe Working Together: How Teachers Teach and Students Learn in Collaborative Learning Environments(2014) BURNS, Mary; PİERSON, Elizabeth; REDDY, ShylajaActive Learning in Maths and Science (ALMS) was a six-month face-to-face professional development program for middle school maths and science teachers carried out between June and November, 2010 in two Indian states. ALMS’s theory of action is grounded in the belief that collaborative learning serves as a “gateway” to learner-centered instruction. Designers theorized that this shift from individual to collaborative learning would redefine the teacher’s role; alter the teacher and student relationship; change teachers’ organizational, instructional and assessment practices; and begin to lay the groundwork for an eventual shift toward full learner-centered instruction. As this paper will discuss, this proposed theory of action was largely confirmed. Over 80 percent of teachers across the two states regularly implemented collaborative learning techniques and began the larger journey toward learner-centered instruction. This implementation also resulted in a number of benefits for students, including greater levels of engagement, increased confidence, and improved behavior. The research also suggests that when teachers see positive changes as a result of their actions, their deeply-held beliefs about traditional instruction may conflict with what they in fact witnessed in their classrooms. This is the beginning of the evolution of changeÖğe The Relationship between Instructor Humor Orientation and Students’ Report on Second Language Learning(2014) ZİYAEEMEHR, Ali; KUMAR, VijayHumor is an integral component of any language and therefore has an impact on the way languages are acquired/learned. Numerous studies have investigated the role of instructor humor in teaching/learning processes; however, there is little empirical research on the relationship between instructor humor and learning of a second language. This paper investigated the relationship of English as a second language (ESL) instructors’ humor orientation (IHO) to students’ perceptions of second language learning (SLL). Perceived L2 learning was also examined in relation to students’ perceived importance of humor (IH) and effects of humor (EH). Additionally, variations in the interaction between IHO, SLL, IH and EH across students’ education level, ethnicity and gender were examined. It was found that high levels of instructor humor orientation associated significantly with students’ L2 learning perceptions. Also strong correlations were found between students’ perceived SLL behaviors and their perceived IH and EH. However, student perceived IHO, SLL, IH and EH did not vary significantly across their gender, ethnicity, and education level. Implications of the study for second language education and materials development along with the limitations of the study have been discussed.Öğe Making Sense of Experienced Teachers’ Interactive Decisions: Implications for Expertise in Teaching(2014) Gun, BaharTeachers’ decision making has always been an area of curiosity in many studies related to teachers and teaching. One approach to understanding teachers’ decisions is through the analysis of their reflection-in-action behaviours. This study, based on the premise that one can gain understanding from examining experienced teachers’ classroom performances, focuses on the interactive decisions made by ten experienced language teachers. The study presents the findings of an analysis of similarities in the motivations behind teachers’ interactive decisions, as demonstrated in their verbal reports following the video recorded lesson observations. These findings show that there are both shared pedagogical and affective attributes among participant teachers. These results, and the insight they give into experienced teachers’ decision making are potentially beneficial for all pre-service and practising teachers.Öğe Parental Expectation and Religious Education in State Schools in Turkey: The Case of Imam Hatip High Schools(2014) ASLANARGUN, Engin; KİLİC, Abdurrahman; BOZKURT, SinanThe goal of education is not only making students intellectually or technically knowledgeable but also trains them in virtuous settings. This involves not only building upon the young person’s characteristics and socialization into the norms of society, but also some deliberate intervention in teaching and learning environments of home and school to encourage virtuous behaviour and ongoing moral development. Together with education included values of society, education is also a way of liberate persons from limitations and impositions of certain beliefs. Educators’ actions either maintain or challenge the dominant ideology should be conscious and aim to liberate pupils. The purpose of this study was to seek out the reasons why parents prefer religious based schools for their children in a secular, modern Turkish Republic in spite of the fact that there have been more academic high schools for university entrance. Also the values that parents hope schools to inject their children have been investigated throughout the study. To achieve this goal, it focuses on key concerns identified in literature associated with values and parental expectations, and discussed the current context in Turkey with reference to the process of de facto situation in the world. As a result, parents included in this study who preferred to send their children to Imam Hatip High Schools (IHHS) that are serving mostly religious courses have purposefully in need of religious courses for their children.Öğe Competitive Team-Based Learning versus Group Investigation with Reference to the Language Proficiency of Iranian EFL Intermediate Students(2014) HOSSEİNİ, Seyed Mohammad HassanThis paper is a report on an experimental study which intended to look into the possible effects of Competitive Team-Based Learning (CTBL) vis-à-vis Group Investigation (GI) method of Cooperative Learning (CL) on the language proficiency of Iranian EFL intermediate students. Seventy homogeneous Iranian intermediate students were selected out of a total population of 110 to serve the present study. The results of the study indicated the advantage of CTBL over GI in terms of its effect on improving the target group’s language proficiency. The results of the study were in contrast to the reports of researchers like Ab-Raza (2007), an Israeli language specialist, who have argued that students in Islamic countries “do not value diversity of ideas, beliefs, and perspectives” (p. 5) and so cannot be taught through modern methods like those of CL.Öğe Observing Pair-Work Task in an English Speaking Class(2014) ACHMAD, Diana; YUSUF, Yunisrina QismullahThis paper reports on students’ pair-work interactions to develop their speaking skills in an ELT classroom which consisted of international learners. A number of 16 learners of intermediate proficiency with IELTS score band 5.5 were observed. The teacher had paired those he considered among them to be the more competent ones (hereafter, stronger) with the less competent ones (hereafter, weaker); therefore, eight pairs were observed during the lesson. The task given to the students was to express ‘Agree and Disagree’ in the context of giving opinions related to social life. Based on the observations, the task was successfully implemented by six pairs; thus, the two others faced some problems. From the first pair, it was seen that the stronger student had intimated the weaker one into speaking during the task. The other pair, who was both of the same native, did not converse in English as expected and mostly used their native language to speak with one another presumably due to respect from the stronger student towards the weaker one. In situations like this, when pair-work becomes unproductive, rotating pairs is recommended to strengthen information sharing and assigning roles to avoid a student from taking over the activity from his or her pair. In conclusion, pairing international learners with mixed speaking proficiency by teachers must be conducted as effectively as possible by initially identifying their ability and learning culture to profoundly expand the students’ language resources.Öğe Learning Responsibility and Balance Of Power(2014) CAM, Sefika Sumeyye; ORUC, Eylem UnalThis qualitative study aims to determine teacher perspectives on learning responsibility and balance of power. The research design is case study which was conducted on four primary school teachers. The data were collected with semistructured interviews and the data obtained were analyzed with categorical analysis, a type of content analysis. The findings suggest that teachers think that learner should be at the center of teaching with LCT and they are incapable of applying learner-center teaching. It has been found that the class size and loaded teaching programs prevent them to apply LCT. Therefore, there have been some recommendations about the LCT by the researchers of the study.Öğe Language Development of the Preschool Children: The Effects of an Audio-Visual Intervention Program in Delhi(2014) ROUL, Sushanta KumarPreschool may not be a place where formal education is imparted but yes, it definitely is a place where children have their first taste of independence. Preschool education is the provision of education for children before the commencement of statutory education usually between the ages of 2 and 5. Thus the purposes of the study were: to study the effectiveness of the audio-visual intervention program on the language development of preschool children in relation to their socio economic status. The researcher employed experimental method to conduct the study. The sample consisted of 100 students from preschool of Rohini, Delhi. Thus the total study consisted of 100 children of class L.K.G., besides, all (100) parents of the all sampled children covered under the experimental and control groups were included in the sample so as to collect the data related to their SES. The Language Development Test was developed by investigator and Socio Economic Status standardized scale was used. The findings of the study were: (i) the Audio-visual Intervention Program has also positively affected the overall language development of the preschool children; and (ii) the Audio-visual Intervention Program has not been found to be differently affecting the language development of the preschool children at different SES levels. Hence, in many ways the findings of the present study can be beneficial in strengthening the non-formal preschool education component. It can be useful for the young children, the teachers who handle the young children, teacher training institutions and the policy makers as well.Öğe Assessing Principals’ Quality Assurance Strategies in Osun State Secondary Schools, Nigeria(2014) ADEBUNMİ, YunusThis paper examined principals’ quality assurance strategies in secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 10 male and 10 female principals, and 190 male and190 female teachers. ‘Secondary School Principal Quality Assurance Questionnaire’ (SSPQAQ) and ‘Students’ Academic Performance Checklist’ (SAPC) were used to collect data for the study. The instruments were validated, and test-retest method used to determine their reliabilities yielded 0.74 and 0.71 respectively. One main hypothesis and five operational hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The study further showed that principals’ gender and school location had no significant impact on students’ academic performance. The implication of the findings is that ability of the principals to put in place strategies that would ensure quality in the production of school output is a critical factor in determining school effectiveness. It is against this background that the paper concludes that quality assurance is a function for all stakeholders within the school system. Because it is a management function, the principal should coordinate teachers and other staff members to see that their activities are geared towards ensuring quality in the schools. As part of quality assurance strategies, the principal should recognize the philosophy of education in all aspects of school activities.Öğe The Impact of Implicit Tasks on Improving the Learners’ Writing in Terms of Autonomy and Grammatical Accuracy(2014) NAZARİ, NastaranThis paper aims to explore the Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners' ability to gain grammatical accuracy in their writing by noticing and correcting their own grammatical errors. Recent literature in language acquisition has emphasized the role of implicit tasks in encouraging learners to develop autonomous language learning habits, so it is important to consider tasks, particularly implicit tasks, as an important part of language teaching. In this study 60 EFL students from two elementary English classes were chosen. The students of one class were engaged in an implicit task in which they compared the use of grammar in their own writing to the use of that grammar in a written text by a native speaker, and the other class received no such treatment. The results indicated that the subjects who had received the treatment performed much better on the post-test. The outcome of the delayed post-test also confirmed the superior performance of the learners in the experimental group showing that they had internalized the targeted structure. Thus such tasks are beneficial in terms of allowing learners to autonomously make improvements in terms of grammatical accuracy in their writings.Öğe Turkish abstracts(2014) EditördenBu araştırmada, öğretmenlerin öğrenme sorumluluğu ve güç dengesine ilişkin görüşlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma bir vaka incelemesi olup, dört ilköğretim öğretmeni ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler yarıyapılandırılmış görüşme ile toplanmış ve içerik analizi türlerinden kategorisel analizle işlenmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin, öğrencilerin öğretimin merkezinde olması gerektiğini düşündükleri fakat bunu uygulamaya koyma hususunda yetersiz oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sınıf mevcudunun ve öğretim programlarının gereğinden fazla bilgi yüklü olmasından dolayı bu uygulamanın gerçekleştirilemediği belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmacılar tarafından öğrenme sorumluluğunu öğrenciye kazandırma ve güç dengesinin paylaşılabilmesine ilişkin öneriler sunulmuşturÖğe Assessment Beliefs and Practices of Language Teachers in Primary Education(2014) BUYUKKARCİ, KaganThe use of assessment, the process of collecting information on student achievement and performance, has long been advocated so that learning cycles can properly be planned; instruction can be adjusted during the course of learning, and programs can be developed to enhance student learning. Shifting to a more pedagogical conception, the assessment moves from source of information to an inseparable part of teaching and learning. Theory and research propose that especially formative assessment can play a critical role in adjusting teaching for student learning because assessment for learning (formative assessment) provides information to be used as feedback to adjust the teaching and learning activities in which the students and teachers are engaged. This study aims to show primary school teachers’ beliefs about formative assessment. Besides, the study reveals the information about English language teachers’ real assessment practices in the primary education context. Despite course requirements, teachers’ positive beliefs and attitudes, the results of the study show that language teachers do not apply formative assessment practices as required in the national curriculum. Instead of using assessment formatively, they mostly use assessment for summative purposes.Öğe French abstracts(2014) EditördenL’Apprentissage actif en mathématiques et en sciences (ALMS) était un programme de développement professionel de six mois face-à-face pour les enseignants de mathématiques et de sciences de collège effectués entre juin et novembre 2010 dans deux états Indiens. La théorie de l'ALMS d'action est fondée sur la croyance que l'apprentissage collaboratif sert "d'une passerelle" à l'instruction centrée sur l'apprenant. Les concepteurs ont théorisé que ce changement de l'individu à l'apprentissage collaboratif redéfinirait le rôle du professeur; change la relation d'étudiant et le professeur; change les pratiques organisationnelles, les pratiques d'instruction et d’évaluation des enseignants, et commence à jeter les bases pour un changement final vers l'instruction centrée sur l'apprenant complète. Comme ce document discutera, cette théorie proposée d'action a été en grande partie confirmée. Plus de 80 pour cent de professeurs à travers les deux états ont régulièrement mis en œuvre des techniques d'apprentissage collaboratives et ont commencé le plus grand voyage vers l'instruction centrée sur l'apprenant. Cette mise en œuvre a aussi abouti à un certain nombre d'avantages pour des étudiants, y compris les niveaux plus grands d'engagement, la confiance accrue et a amélioré le comportement. La recherhe aussi suggère que quand les professeurs voient des changements positifs en conséquence de leurs actions, leurs croyances profondément ancrées de l'instruction traditionnelle peuvent être en conflit avec ce qu'ils ont en fait témoigné dans leurs salles de classe. Ceci est le début de l'évolution de changementÖğe Using Anticipatory Reading Guides to Improve Elementary Students’ Comprehension(2013) Ortlieb, EvanOne of the greatest challenges of an elementary school teacher is equipping students with comprehension strategies that transfer to all content areas. With stable levels of reading achievement over the last two decades in the United States, it is necessary that further research be conducted on methods of increasing students’ comprehension proficiencies. This experimental research study explores the use of an anticipatory reading guide with third grade struggling readers across multiple subject areas. Findings indicate that the experimental treatment group outperformed the control group by a statistically significant rate on both reading and content area measures, indicating that when struggling readers practice and use strategies to explicitly think what will be asked of them after reading the passage they perform at higher levels.Öğe The Relationship between Attitudes toward Participation in Physical Activities and Motives for Choosing Teaching Physical Education as a Career(2013) Al-Rawahi, Nasser; Al-Yarabi, AliThis study aims at investigating the relationship between physical education teachers’ attitudes toward participation in physical activity and their motives toward choosing physical education as a teaching profession. Two questionnaires with a sample of 98 participants were employed as a data collection vehicle. The results showed that participants in this study had strong attitudes toward physical activities. Furthermore, participants expressed a mixture of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons as to why they opted for physical education as a teaching profession. Moreover, the findings revealed a significant relationship between participants' attitudes toward participation in physical activity and their motives toward choosing physical education as a teaching profession.Öğe Why Did I Ask That Question? Bilingual/ESL Pre-Service Teachers’ Insights(2013) DİAZ, Zulmaris; WHİTACRE, Michael; ESQUİERDO, J. Joy; Ruiz-Escalante, Jose A.Questioning techniques have historically been considered the measurement by which teachers challenge and gauge student learning. Much has been said about questioning strategies used by teachers; yet little is known about the strategies used by pre-service teachers, especially those that are working with English language learners. This study presents findings from a qualitative study that explored what types of questions pre-service teachers use and their reflections on the use of such strategies. Eight bilingual/ESL pre-service teachers in South Texas were videotaped during a math and a language arts lesson, attended focus groups, and participated in an exit interview. The findings revealed the type of questions used by the participants, how they made sense of their teaching, and how accountability measures influenced their teaching. This research recommends education programs to prepare future teachers to comply with what is required by the current reform without compromising their students’ learning and thinking skills.Öğe Students’ Perceived Level of English Proficiency in Secondary Schools in Dodoma, Tanzania(2013) MAKEWA, Lazarus Ndiku; ROLE, Elizabeth; TUGUTA, EllenThis paper looked at students’ perceived level of English proficiency among Dodoma secondary schools in Tanzania. Factors like attitude, anxiety, classroom activities, motivation, and learning resources were considered as influencing English learning. The study was guided by three theories: Input Hypothesis, Interlanguage and Vygotsky’s theory of value. Correlation design was used to describe the association between the student and teacher-related factors and students’ perceived level of English proficiency. Purposive sampling was used to select 300 form three students. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the participants. Reliability of the research instrument was determined by conducting a pilot study. Pearson Descriptive statistics and Kendall’s Tau-b were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that the students’ perceived level of proficiency in spoken English was average. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between perceived English proficiency and attitude toward the English language, classroom activities, teacher motivation, and classroom environment. It is suggested that further studies integrate qualitative research methods to the research design in order to get an in-depth understanding of students’ perception on English proficiency.Öğe A Study of Students’ Assessment in Writing Skills of the English Language(2013) JAVED, Muhammad; Juan, Wu Xiao; NAZLİ, SaimaThis paper addresses to evaluate and assess the students’ competency in writing skills at Secondary school level in the English Language focusing five major content areas: word completion, sentence making/syntax, comprehension, tenses/ grammar and handwriting. The target population was the male and female students of grade 10 of urban and rural Secondary schools from public and private sector. Forty (40) Secondary schools of District Bahawalnagar, Pakistan were taken using stratified sampling. A sample consisting of 440 students (11students from each school) was randomly selected using a table of random numbers. An achievement test consisting of different items was developed to assess the students’ competency and capability in sub-skills of writing such as word completion, sentence making/syntax, comprehension, tenses/grammar and handwriting. Mean score and standard deviation were used to analyze the students’ proficiency in each sub-skill. The t-test was applied to make the comparison on the bases of gender, density and public and private sector. The overall performance of all the students was better in comprehension as compared to other sub-skills namely word completion, sentence making/syntax, tenses/grammar and handwriting. The analysis, based on t-value, revealed no significant difference between the performance of male and female students and the students of public and private schools, whereas there was a significant difference between the performance of urban and rural students.Öğe Attitudes towards ICT Integration into Curriculum and Usage among University Lecturers in Vietnam(2013) HUE, Ly Thanh; JALİL, Habibah AbAlthough the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into the curriculum was a crucial process in ensuring the quality of education, it has still not been given greater concern by the administrators and lecturers in some universities in Vietnam. The purpose of this descriptive-survey research is to determine lecturers’ attitudes towards ICT integration into the curriculum and its use in the classroom. The research questions sought to measure the frequency of ICT use in teaching and learning among lecturers and their attitudes towards ICT integration into the curriculum to improve teaching; and to determine if a correlation existed between lecturers’ attitudes towards ICT integration into the curriculum and their ICT use in the classroom. A population of 109 lecturers at a public university in Vietnam participated in this survey. The results of the correlation analysis identified a slightly moderate positive relationship between lecturers’ attitudes towards ICT integration into the curriculum and their ICT use in the classroom. Although ICT was not highly used, lecturers recognized the benefits of ICT that they had chosen to incorporate into their teaching. These findings could be used for future research to promote positive educational changes through the integration of ICT into the curriculum in universities.
