Smart Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Design Principles and Recent Advances

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dc.contributor.authorÇaprak, Burak Emre
dc.contributor.authorShahbazi, Fatemeh
dc.contributor.authorÖztürk, Naile
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:19:10Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:19:10Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe effective treatment of ocular diseases is confronted by various factors, including ocular barriers, limited drug bioavailability, invasive procedures, and low patient compliance. Moreover, new ocular delivery systems have only overcome these problems to a certain extent. In response, smart ocular drug delivery systems have gained attention due to their ability to enable modified drug release along with the additional features they provide to the delivery system, the drug, and the treatment. Smart materials (endogenous and exogenous stimuli responsive) allow the carrier systems to exhibit a variety of properties. Studies on smart ocular drug delivery systems are relatively new and the interest in exogenous stimuli sensitive smart materials has increased in recent years. Therefore, in this review we focused on scientific advancements of these technologies to present a clear understanding of design principles which is key to developing more efficient and reliable ocular drug delivery systems. This review covers ocular barriers, diseases, drug delivery routes, conventional and novel ocular delivery systems along with a focus on the achievements of the smart ocular drug delivery systems developed in recent years. Special emphasis was given to the improved, reduced, or enabled properties of these drug delivery systems. © 2025, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.doi10.52794/hujpharm.1636945
dc.identifier.endpage174
dc.identifier.issn1300-0608
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105007724440
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ4
dc.identifier.startpage162
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1636945
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108224
dc.identifier.volume45
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherHacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy
dc.relation.ispartofHacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20250329
dc.subjectEndogenous stimuli
dc.subjectExogenous stimuli
dc.subjectOcular delivery
dc.subjectSmart materials
dc.titleSmart Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Design Principles and Recent Advances
dc.typeReview

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