Hidayet bağlamında fıtrat ve çevre
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tarih boyunca insanı tanıma ve onun özelliklerini ortaya koyma doğrultusunda birçok kavram dile getirilmiştir. İslam âlimleri insanı tanıma konusunda insanın yaratılış ve eğilimleri anlamına gelen fıtrat kavramını kullanmışlardır. Fıtrat Kur’ani bir kavramdır. İnsanların hepsi aynı özden meydana geldikleri için ortak kabiliyetleri ve özellikleri vardır. Yaratıcıyı arama ve inanma ihtiyacı bütün insanların fıtratında var olan bir duygudur. İnsanda bulunan hakikati arama ve inanma ihtiyacı doğuştan ve nötr iken zamanla aile ve çevrenin etkisi neticesiyle şekillenir. İnsan düşünen, sorgulayan ve neden sonuç ilişkisi kuran bir varlık olduğu için varlığını sorgulama ve idrak edebilme kapasitesine sahiptir. Fıtrattaki inanma ihtiyacı akıl ve vahiy doğrultusunda şekillenirse insan yaratılış gayesine ulaşır. İnsanın fıtratına hidayete meylettiren duygular hâkimdir. Hidayet insanın dünya ve ahiret saadetini elde etmesinin yoludur. Hidayetin anlaşılması, ona götüren sebeplerin bilinmesi, hidayete giden yolların bulunmasını kolaylaştıracak insanın zihnini meşgul eden sorulara yanıt olacaktır. Araştırmamız fıtrat, hidayet, dalâlet ve din kavramlarının analiz edilmesiyle başlamıştır. Yaratılış gayesine ulaşabilecek fıtratla yaratılan insan, iyi kötü yaptığı her amelin karşılığının olacağını bilerek hareket eder ve bunun neticesinde hidayete kavuşur veya dalalete sapar. İnsana verilen akıl insanı diğer canlılardan ayırarak insana sorumluluk yüklemiştir. Yaratılış hikmetini idrak edebileceği güç ve kudrette yaratılan insan duyuların elde ettiği bilgileri aklı ile idrak eder, iradesini basiretle kullanırsa hidayete erişebilir. Evreni mükemmel bir düzenle yaratan Allah’ın varlığını kevni ayetler hatırlatmaktadır. Bu kadar mükemmel yaratılan kâinat amaçsız yaratıldığı düşünülemez. Yaratılış amacına ve yeryüzündeki düzeni sağlayacak olan ahlaki kurallara ancak Allah’ın elçileri vasıtasıyla ulaşılabilir. İnsanda bulunan sorumluluk duygusu, adalet duygusu, sonsuzluk ve ebedilik duygusu ahiret inancının varlığını gerekli kılar. İnsan dua ederek içinde ki güven ve ümit duygusunu artırırken ruhunu rahatsız eden korku ve endişelerinden arınır. İnsan yapılan her şeyin hesabını vereceği gelene kadar sığınacak bir yer arar. Bu arayışlar içindeyken hidayeti bulduracak yollar karşısına çıkacağı gibi zaman dalalete saptıracak yollar da çıkabilir. Bu süreçte insan zihnini meşgul eden sorulara daha ikna edici cevaplar arar. Bu süreçte hidayeti bulabilmesinde insanın ailesinin, sosyal çevresinin, iletişim araçlarının, gelir düzeyinin, aldığı eğitimin etkisi büyük orandadır. İnsanın hidayetten uzaklaşıp dalalete düşmesinde cehalet, kibir, heva gibi nefsani arzuların etkileri olduğu gibi ideolojik ve felsefi akımların etkisi de söz konusudur. Sonuç bölümünde hidayetin oluşum sürecinde ki sebepler ve sebeplere götüren nedenler incelenerek alınacak tedbirler anlatılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Kelam, Fıtrat, Hidayet, Dalalet, Akıl, Vahiy, İrade, Çevre
Throughout history, many concepts have been voiced in order to recognize human and reveal its features. Islamic scholars have used the concept of “ fıtrat(genesis)” to recognize human beings, which means human creation and tendencies. Genesis is a concept in Koran.People have common abilities and characteristics because they all come from the same essence. The need to search for and believe in the creator is a feeling that is present in all human beings. The need to seek truth and believe in human beings is inherently neutral but it is shaped by the influence of family and social environment. Because humans can think, question and understand cause and effect relations, they have the capacity of questioning and realizing their existence. If the need to believe is shaped in the direction of reason and revelation, the human reaches the purpose of creation. Feelings prone to salvation in human genesis are dominant. Salvation is the way for the human to get the happiness of the world and the hereafter. Understanding of the salvation, knowing the reasons leading to it, facilitating the ways to salvation will answer the questions that occupy the mind of the human being. Our research has started with the analysis of concepts of salvation, misguidance and religion. Every human being is created by the knowledge that every act that he does right or wrong will result either in guidance or in misguidance. The mind given to human beings is a responsibility and separates them from other living things. The power and power that can comprehend the wisdom of creation can comprehend the information obtained by the human senses by reason, and reach the guidance if they use the will with prudence. The existence of Allah, who created the perfect order of the universe is reminded by the “kevnî” verses. It is unthinkable that such a perfectly created universe was created pointless. The moral rules that will provide for the purpose of creation and the order on earth are reached through the messengers of Allah. The sense of responsibility, the sense of justice, eternity and the sense of eternity in the human, require the existence of the Hereafter. While prayers increase the sense of trust and hope in human, it also cleanses the fear and worries that disturb the soul. The human searches for a place to nestle until the time comes for the calculation of everything. During this quest, there may be roads that lead to the salvation, and also ways that divert the human to misguidance. In this process, the human seeks convincing answers to the questions that occupy his / her mind. In the process of reaching the salvation, the influence of family, the social environment, the means of communication, the level of income and the education received by him are very important. The reason that human beings move away from salvation and fall into misguidance is because of exquisite desires like ignorance, arrogance and humor and also the influence of ideals and philosophical currents affect them. In the conclusion part of our research, the V reasons for the formation of salvation and the reasons leading to these reasons are examined and the measures to be taken are explained. Key words: kalam, genesis, salvation, misguided, reason, revelation, will, environment,
Throughout history, many concepts have been voiced in order to recognize human and reveal its features. Islamic scholars have used the concept of “ fıtrat(genesis)” to recognize human beings, which means human creation and tendencies. Genesis is a concept in Koran.People have common abilities and characteristics because they all come from the same essence. The need to search for and believe in the creator is a feeling that is present in all human beings. The need to seek truth and believe in human beings is inherently neutral but it is shaped by the influence of family and social environment. Because humans can think, question and understand cause and effect relations, they have the capacity of questioning and realizing their existence. If the need to believe is shaped in the direction of reason and revelation, the human reaches the purpose of creation. Feelings prone to salvation in human genesis are dominant. Salvation is the way for the human to get the happiness of the world and the hereafter. Understanding of the salvation, knowing the reasons leading to it, facilitating the ways to salvation will answer the questions that occupy the mind of the human being. Our research has started with the analysis of concepts of salvation, misguidance and religion. Every human being is created by the knowledge that every act that he does right or wrong will result either in guidance or in misguidance. The mind given to human beings is a responsibility and separates them from other living things. The power and power that can comprehend the wisdom of creation can comprehend the information obtained by the human senses by reason, and reach the guidance if they use the will with prudence. The existence of Allah, who created the perfect order of the universe is reminded by the “kevnî” verses. It is unthinkable that such a perfectly created universe was created pointless. The moral rules that will provide for the purpose of creation and the order on earth are reached through the messengers of Allah. The sense of responsibility, the sense of justice, eternity and the sense of eternity in the human, require the existence of the Hereafter. While prayers increase the sense of trust and hope in human, it also cleanses the fear and worries that disturb the soul. The human searches for a place to nestle until the time comes for the calculation of everything. During this quest, there may be roads that lead to the salvation, and also ways that divert the human to misguidance. In this process, the human seeks convincing answers to the questions that occupy his / her mind. In the process of reaching the salvation, the influence of family, the social environment, the means of communication, the level of income and the education received by him are very important. The reason that human beings move away from salvation and fall into misguidance is because of exquisite desires like ignorance, arrogance and humor and also the influence of ideals and philosophical currents affect them. In the conclusion part of our research, the V reasons for the formation of salvation and the reasons leading to these reasons are examined and the measures to be taken are explained. Key words: kalam, genesis, salvation, misguided, reason, revelation, will, environment,
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kelam, Fıtrat, Hidayet, Dalalet, Akıl, Vahiy, İrade, Çevre
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yılmaz, Y. (2019). Hidayet bağlamında fıtrat ve çevre, İnönü Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 158 ss. Malatya.
