OSMANLI-HİNDİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİ (1750-1857)
Küçük Resim Yok
Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, XVIII. yüzyılın ortalarından XIX. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar Osmanlı Devleti ile Hindistan'daki Müslüman devletler arasındaki siyasî, ticarî ve kültürel ilişkiler ele alınmıştır. Hindistan'da İngilizlerin giderek etkin olduğu dönemden, tamamen ülkede yönetimi ele aldığı 1857 yılına kadar olan süreçte iki ülke arasındaki irtibat incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Baburlular ve önceleri onlara tâbi iken zamanla bozulan merkezî otorite sonucu bağımsız kalan, giderek artan İngiliz baskısına karşı Osmanlı'dan destek arayan Malabar ve Maysor Sultanlıkları gibi devletlerle; İngilizlere tabi Bopal ve Arkot Nevvablıkları arasındaki siyasî ilişkiler anlatılmıştır. Ayrıca Osmanlı-Hint ticaretini oluşturan unsurlar, ticarî yollar, ticareti yapılan mallar, Avrupalı devletlerin bu ticaret üzerindeki etkileri ve ticarette bulunan tüccar gurupları ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Osmanlı hâkimiyetindeki Hicaz'ın hem dinî hem de ticarî bir merkez olması, Hindistanlı Müslümanların buradaki etkinlikleri iki ülke arasında önemli bir bağ kurmuştur. Hicaz'da kalabalık bir grup olan Hindistanlıların durumu, karşılaştıkları sıkıntılar, Osmanlı Devleti'ne yaşattıkları sorunlar önemli meselelerdir. Yine Osmanlı coğrafyasında yaygın olarak görülen, hem Hindistanlı hacıların hem de tüccarların konakladığı "Hindîler Tekkesi" de siyasî, ticarî ve kültürel özellikleriyle incelenmiştir. İki ülke arasında görülen söz konusu bağlar, yerleşik kanaatin aksine Osmanlı Devleti'nin sadece XVI. yüzyılda ticaret ve hac yollarını korumaya yönelik bir "Hindistan politikası" olmadığını, daha sonraki süreçte bu politikanın devam ettiğini gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu politika, çoğunlukla siyasî meseleleri içermese de Osmanlı Devleti'nin Hint malları ve Hintli hacılar söz konusu olduğunda çözüm odaklı bir yol izlemesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmada ortaya konulan ticarî, dinî ve kültürel bağları takip etmek, 93 Harbi ile başlayan ve siyasî bir ideolojiye dönüşen "Pan-İslamizm" fikrinin ortaya çıkmasında Hindistan Müslümanlarının oynadığı rolün sebeplerini açıklamak noktasında farklı bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Son olarak Osmanlı Devleti'nin sınırı olmayan Müslüman devletlerle ilişkilerini incelemek, XVIII. ve XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı dış siyasetinin başka bir boyutunu göstermektedir.
In this study, the political, commercial and cultural relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Muslim states in India from the mid-eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century were discussed. The relationship between the two countries was examined from the period when the British were increasingly active in India until 1857, when it took over the administration completely in the country. In this context, with the states like Malabar and the Maysor Sultanate, who were independent from the Mughals and the central authority, which had deteriorated over time while they were subordinate to them, seeking support from the Ottoman against the increasing British pressure and Political relations between the British Bopal and Arkot Nevvabs are explained. In addition, the elements that make up the Ottoman-Indian trade, the commercial roads, the goods traded, the effects of the European states on this trade and the merchant groups in the trade have been tried to be revealed. The fact that the Hejaz, under Ottoman rule, was both a religious and commercial center, and the activities of Indian Muslims established an important link between the two countries. The situation of the Indians, a crowded group in Hejaz, the troubles they faced, and the problems they gave to the Ottoman State are important issues. Also, the "Hindi Dervish Lodge", which is widely seen in the Ottoman geography and where both Indian pilgrims and merchants are accommodated, has been examined with its political, commercial and cultural characteristics. The ties between the two countries reveal that, contrary to the established belief, the Ottoman State was not an "Indian policy" aimed at protecting trade and pilgrimage routes only in the sixteenth century, and that this policy continued in the later period. Although this policy does not usually involve political issues, it has made it compulsory for the Ottoman State to pursue a solution-oriented path when it comes to Indian goods and Indian pilgrims. In addition, it offers a different perspective to follow the commercial, religious and cultural ties introduced in the study, and to explain the reasons for the role played by the Muslims of India in the emergence of the idea of "Pan-Islamism" that started with the 93 War and turned into a political ideology. Finally, examining the relations of the Ottoman State with borderless Muslim states shows another dimension of Ottoman foreign policy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
In this study, the political, commercial and cultural relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Muslim states in India from the mid-eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century were discussed. The relationship between the two countries was examined from the period when the British were increasingly active in India until 1857, when it took over the administration completely in the country. In this context, with the states like Malabar and the Maysor Sultanate, who were independent from the Mughals and the central authority, which had deteriorated over time while they were subordinate to them, seeking support from the Ottoman against the increasing British pressure and Political relations between the British Bopal and Arkot Nevvabs are explained. In addition, the elements that make up the Ottoman-Indian trade, the commercial roads, the goods traded, the effects of the European states on this trade and the merchant groups in the trade have been tried to be revealed. The fact that the Hejaz, under Ottoman rule, was both a religious and commercial center, and the activities of Indian Muslims established an important link between the two countries. The situation of the Indians, a crowded group in Hejaz, the troubles they faced, and the problems they gave to the Ottoman State are important issues. Also, the "Hindi Dervish Lodge", which is widely seen in the Ottoman geography and where both Indian pilgrims and merchants are accommodated, has been examined with its political, commercial and cultural characteristics. The ties between the two countries reveal that, contrary to the established belief, the Ottoman State was not an "Indian policy" aimed at protecting trade and pilgrimage routes only in the sixteenth century, and that this policy continued in the later period. Although this policy does not usually involve political issues, it has made it compulsory for the Ottoman State to pursue a solution-oriented path when it comes to Indian goods and Indian pilgrims. In addition, it offers a different perspective to follow the commercial, religious and cultural ties introduced in the study, and to explain the reasons for the role played by the Muslims of India in the emergence of the idea of "Pan-Islamism" that started with the 93 War and turned into a political ideology. Finally, examining the relations of the Ottoman State with borderless Muslim states shows another dimension of Ottoman foreign policy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Üçüncü, Berna Korat (2020). OSMANLI-HİNDİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİ (1750-1857). Yayımlanmış Doktora tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.1-216 ss.
