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  • Küçük Resim
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    Açlığın Sıçan Kolon Mukozasında Yol Açtığı Histolojik ve Histokimyasal Değişiklikler+
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2003) Gül, Mehmet; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Otlu, Ali
    Besin maddelerinin emilimi esas olarak ince bağırsaklarda gerçekleşir. Kalın bağırsak mukozasından su ve elektrolitler emilir. Açlık sindirim sisteminde yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişiklikler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızda kısa ve uzun süreli açlığın sıçan kolon mukozasında yol açtığı histolojik ve histokimyasal değişiklikleri incelemeyi amaçladık. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamızda 28 adet Wistar cinsi dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Açlık süresi boyunca deneklere sadece su verildi. Son doyurulmayı takip eden 1., 6., 12., 36. saatin ve 2. 4. 7. günlerin sonunda kolondan parçalar alındı. Bulgular: Birinci ve 6. saatte kolon mukozasında herhangi bir değişiklik izlenmedi. 12. saatte yüzey epitelinde yer yer dökülmeler saptandı. 36. saatte bu bulguya ilaveten lamina propriyada lenfosit infiltrasyonu ve damar dilatasyonu izlendi. 48. saatte yüzey epitelinde ve kripta epitelinde yassılaşma, kripta epitelinde bozulma ve lümeninde genişleme gözlendi. Kripta epitelinde çok miktarda apoptotik ve mitotik hücre hücre saptandı. Bu dönemde submukozada damar dilatasyonu mevcuttu. 4. günde 48. saatte izlenen değişiklikler artmıştı. Lieberkühn kriptalarının epitelinde bozulma ve submukozada ödem izlendi. 7. günde yüzey epitelinde ve Lieberkühn kriptalarının epitelinde dejenerasyon belirginleşmişti. Yer yer dejenere olan kriptalar zor tanındı. Apoptotik ve mitotik hücre sayısı artmıştı. Yüzeyde ve kripta lümeninde sekresyon ürününde ve goblet hücrelerinin sayısında belirgin azalma mevcuttu. Sonuç: Kısa ve uzun süreli açlığın kolon mukozasında açlık süresi ile orantılı olarak artan histolojik değişiklikler oluşturduğu sonucuna varıldı.
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    Aflatoksin Bı in tavşanlarda bazı kan parametreleri üzerindeki etkisi
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 1994) Emre, M.Hanifi; Karakaş, Sacide; Otlu, Ali; Temel, İsmail; Yoloğlu, Saim
    Çalışmada, Yeni Zelanda ırkı (Oryctolagus cuniculus huxleyi) 30 erkek tavşan kullanıldı. Tavşanlar gruplandırıldı ve deneklerin A grubuna 0.005, Bgrubuna 0.0075 ve Cgrubuna 0.010 mgr/kg/gün aflatoksin Bj verildi. I 'eriler çift yönlü varyans ve korelasyon analizine tabi tutuldu. Lökosit, eritrosit sayıları, hematokrit değeri ve tek bir eritrositin ortalama hemoglobin değeri (MCH) deneme gruplan, ölçümler arası ve etkileşim bakımından istatistiksel olarak önemli farklar gösterdi. Hemoglobin değeri ve trombositlerin sayısı sadece ölçümler arası bakımından istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar gösterirken tek bir eritrositin ortalama hacim (MCI') değerleri deneme grupları arasındaki değer yönünden farklılık gösterdi. Bu farklılıklara karşın aflatoksin B, verilen bütün gruplarda zaman içerisinde trombosit sayısı ve hematokrit değerinde negatif lökosit sayısı, hemoglobin değeri ve tek bir eritrositin ortalama hemoglobin değerinde (MCH) ise başlangıca göre pozitif bir ilişki saptandı. Eritrosit sayısı, tek bir eritrositin ortalama hacmi (MCI) ve tek bir eritrositin ortalama hemoglobin konsantrasyonunda (MCHC) zaman içerisinde bazı gruplarda pozitif, bazı gruplarda negatif bir ilişki görüldü. I 'eriler literatür ile karşılaştırıldı ve tartışıldı.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Aflatoksin Bı in tavşanlarda total vücut ağırlığı ve çeşitli organ ağırlıkları üzerine etkileri
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 1994) Emre, M.Hanifi; Otlu, Ali; Karakaş, Sacide; Yoloğlu, Saim; Temel, İsmail
    We used 30 male rabbits belong to NewZelandrabbit strain (Oryctolagus cuniculus huxleyi) in this study. The rabbits were groupped and were given 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.010gr/kg/day respectively to A , B, Cgroups. It were not found istatistically diffrences between groups' weight of total body, right suprarenal gland, left and right kidney, heart, stomach, and salivary glands. On the other hand we have determined istatistically differences between groups-' weight of left suprarenal gland and lung. Data were compared and discussed with literature.
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    Alkolün Endokrin Pankreas Üzerine Histolojik Etkileri+
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2002) Vardı, Nigar; Otlu, Ali; Uçar, Muharrem; Öztürk, Feral
    Bu çalışmada; uzun süreli alkol alımının, sıçanların pankreas Langerhans adacıkları üzerine olası histolojik etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmada 17 adet Wistar albino sıçan kullanıldı. Laboratuvar hayvanları deney ve kontrol olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Deney grubu 6 ay boyunca %7.2 alkol içeren modifiye sıvı diyet (MSD) ile beslendiler. Kontrol sıçanları da izokalorik olarak etanolsüz MSD ile beslendi. Deney süresinin sonunda sıçanlar servikal dislokasyonla öldürülüp, pankreasları alındı. Tesbit işleminden sonra, dokulara rutin histolojik prosedür uygulandı ve parafin içine gömüldü. Parafin bloklardan 6 ?m kalınlığında kesitler alınıp; H-E, Crosmann trikrom, toluidin blue, Grimelius gümüşleme ve aldehit fuksin boyama metodları ile boyandı ve ışık mikroskopta incelendi. Bulgular: Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında alkol grubunda Langerhans adası içinde kanal oluşumları ve genişlemiş kapiller damarlar izlendi. Langerhans adasını oluşturan hücrelerde ve intersellüler alanda değişik büyüklükte vakuoller saptandı. Alfa hücreleri kontrol ve alkol grubunda adacığın periferinde, yüzük şeklinde bir dağılım göstermekteydi. Ancak alkol grubunda alfa hücre granülleri daha yoğun olarak gözlendi. Alkol grubundaki beta hücreleri adacığın merkezinde ve azalan granülleri ile dikkat çekti. Sonuç: Alkolün doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak endokrin pankreas üzerinde yapısal bozukluklara neden olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Alkolün Mide Mukozasına Etkileri
    (Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi, 2000) Cengiz, Nureddin; Vardı, Nigar; Yağmurca, Murat; Otlu, Ali
    Sıçanlarda deneysel bir model üzerinden kronik alkolizm oluşturularak, alkolün mide mukozasına etkileri histolojik ve histokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırıldı. Materyal ve Metot: Deney materyali ve araştırma düzeneği için üniversitemiz Deney Hayvanları Yetiştirme ve Deneysel Araştırma Merkezi’nden temin edilen 180-240 g ağırlığında yetişkin Wistar Albino erkek sıçanlar kullanıldı. Denekler deney süresince Uzbay ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen ve %7.2 alkol ihtiva eden modifiye bir sıvı diyetle 180 gün süreyle beslendiler. Sürenin sonunda servikal dislokasyonla sakrifiye edilen hayvanların mideleri çıkarılıp küçük parçalara ayrılarak Bouin solüsyonunda tespit edildi. Rutin doku takibi işlemleri uygulanarak parafine gömülen dokulardan alınan kesitlere Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) , Masson’un üçlü boyaması, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) ve Alcian blue-Kernechtrot boyamaları uygulandı. Kesitler Olympus BH-2 ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Bulgular: H&E ve M. üçlü boyama yöntemleri uygulanmış preparatlarda yapılan incelemelerde; kontrol grupları normal yapıları ile izlenirken, alkolik gruplarda pariyetal hücrelerde yoğunlaşma dikkat çekici nitelikteydi, lokal kanama odakları ve epitel eroz-yonları gözlendi. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının her ikisinde mide yüzey epiteli ve isthmus mukus hücreleri PAS ile boyanma özelliği gösterirken, daha bazaldeki boyun mukus hücreleri Alcian blue-Kernechtrot ile boyandılar. Sonuç: Mide mukozasının alkole duyarlı olduğu, alkolün mide mukozasında olumsuz değişikliklere neden olabileceği kanısındayız.
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    Anti-inflammatory Montelukast prevents toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Oxidative stress, histological alterations in liver, and serum cytokine levels
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Bentli, Recep; Ciftci, Osman; Cetin, Asli; Otlu, Ali
    This study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of the montelukast (ML) on oxidative stress and histological alterations in liver tissues and cytokine levels in rats intoxicated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Rats were divided randomly into four equal groups (control, TCDD, ML, TCDD + ML). TCDD were administered by gavages dissolved in corn oil at the doses of 2 mu g/kg/week, and ML was given intraperitoneally at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Oxidative status, histological alterations, and cytokine levels were analyzed on day 60. The results showed that although TCDD induced oxidative stress via significant increase in formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, it caused a significant decline in glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in liver. Besides, TCDD led to significant histopathological damage in liver and serum cytokine levels alterations (increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta levels). In contrast, ML treatment reversed oxidative effects of TCDD by increasing the levels of GSH, CAT, and SOD and decreasing the formation of TBARS. Also, it can normalize the levels of histological and cytokine alterations induced by TCDD. In conclusion, it was determined that TCDD exposure caused adverse effects on cytokine levels, histological alterations, and oxidative stress in rats. However, ML treatment partially eliminated toxic effects of TCDD. Thus, it was judged that coadministration of ML with TCDD may be useful to attenuate the negative effects of TCDD.
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    Antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of ?-carotene against methotrexate-induced testicular injury
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2009) Vardi, Nigar; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Ates, Burhan; Cetin, Asli; Otlu, Ali
    Objective: To investigate the effect of beta-carotene against testicular injury induced by methotrexate (MTX). Design: Experimental study. Setting: Animal and histology laboratory at Inonu University. Animal(s): Twenty-eight Wistar male rats. Intervention(s): Twenty-eight rats were separated into four groups: control, beta-carotene, MTX, and beta-carotene + MTX. At the end of the treatment, the animals were killed, and tissue samples were examined via histologic and biochemical methods. Main Outcome Measure(s): in each group, 100 tubules were classified as intact, sloughing, atrophic, and degenerated. Caspase-3, a universal effector of apoptosis, was evaluated according to staining in place of coloring as weak, mild, and strong. Result(s): In the MTX group, 58.5 + 3.7% of tubules were sloughing, 10.8 + 2.1% of tubules were atrophic, and 2.0 + 0.6% of tubules were degenerative. In the beta-carotene + MTX group, the affected tubule number was statistically significantly lower than in the MTX group. The distribution of caspase-3 in the MTX group showed a statistically significant increase, but it decreased in the beta-carotene + MTX group. The enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GP-x) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and decreased in parallel. Conclusion(s): Our results indicate that beta-carotene may be useful in decreasing the side effects of chemotherapy, including apoptotic cell death. (Fertil Steril(R) 2009;92:2028-33. (C)2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
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    Apricot ameliorates alcohol induced testicular damage in rat model
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Kurus, Meltem; Ugras, Murat; Ates, Burhan; Otlu, Ali
    In this study, we intended to determine the possible preventive effects of dietary apricot on oxidative stress due to ethanol usage in rat testes. The animals were divided into six groups as follows: Group 1 was control. Group 2 received ethanol. Group 3 were fed with apricot diet for 3 months. Group 4 were fed with apricot diet for 6 months. Group 5 received ethanol and apricot diet for 3 months. Group 6 were fed apricot diet for 3 months, and then ethanol + apricot diet for 3 months. Following sacrification, the testes were treated for morphological (tubular and germ cell histology, Sertoli and Leydig cell counts) and biochemical (superoxide dismutase, glutathion peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde) analyses. In Group 2, severe histopathological changes in seminiferous tubules and germ cells were determined as well as tubular degeneration and atrophy. Sertoli and Leydig cell counts in the interstitial tissue were decreased. Biochemical parameters revealed tissue oxidative stress. Similar alterations existed in Group 5, although to a lesser extent. In Groups 1, 3 and 4, no histopathological alterations were noted. Results of Group 6 were similar to the controls. Apricot rich diet may have a preventive role on histopathological changes caused by alcohol in rat testes.(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. Ail rights reserved.
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    The Beneficial Effects of Pentoxifylline on Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats
    (Springer, 2009) Gul, Mehmet; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Ozturk, Feral; Ates, Burhan; Otlu, Ali
    In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) by detecting oxidative stress markers and performing histopathological examination. Twenty-one adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as follows: control, caerulein, and caerulein + pentoxifylline groups. Pancreatic tissues of rats from all groups were removed for light and electron microscopic examination and determination of oxidative stress markers. Pancreatic oxidative stress markers were evaluated by the measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione (GSH). Serum amylase and lipase levels were determined spectrophotometrically. The pancreatic damage score was significantly increased (P < 0.005) in the caerulein group, whereas it was decreased (P < 0.05) in the caerulein+ with pentoxifylline group. MDA levels, CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH activities were significantly altered (P < 0.05, P < 0.005) in the caerulein group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress markers were normalized with pentoxifylline administration. Caerulein administration resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in amylase and lipase levels; pentoxifylline reduced the levels of these enzymes. Pentoxifylline is potentially capable of limiting pancreatic damage produced during AP by restoring the fine structure of acinar cells and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities. We concluded that pentoxifylline may have beneficial effects in the treatment of caerulein-induced AP.
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    A comparison of three different agents of decalcification for a histological examination of bone tissues
    (J Turgut Ozal Med Cent, 2014) Gül, Mehmet; Bostancıeri, Nuray; Gül, Semir; Hüz, Mustafa; Yıldız, Azibe; Otlu, Ali
    Objectives: Bone-decalsification is still a time consuming and laboring process in histopathology laboratories. In this study, we have aimed a comparision of decalsification degrees and staining properties of compact bone tissue decalcificated by formic acid, Biodec-R, and Decalcifier II as decalcification agents. Materials and Methodology: A total of 6 healthy male rats (200-220 g) were used in this study. Rats were decapitated by cervical dislocation. Femurs were removed and 0.5 cm long pieces from these femurs were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 36 hours. Subsequently, the bone-tissues were stored in decalcification fluids at room temperature for six days. The bone-tissue samples were processed by routine tissue procedures. They were further processed for light microscopic examination and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Gomori’s trichrome, and Periodic acid-Schiff. We have examined the bone sections under a Leica DFC280 light microscope and Leica Q Win Image Analysis System (Leica Micros Imaging Solutions Ltd.; Cambridge, U.K). Results: When all three decalcification agents were applied for equal time periods and at the same experimental design, it was observed that formic acid is more effectible for the preservation of natural structure of the bone tissue and on the quality of the staining properties. It was observed that Biodec R and Decalcifier II are similar to each other in terms of staining properties and preservation of structural details of cells and tissue. Conclusion: Formic acid decalcification is adviced for histologic staining and for a higher qualitiy of microscopic view during histological examination of compact bone tissues.
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    Deneysel diyabetin sıçan böbreklerinde meydana getirdiği histolojik değişiklikler
    (2005) Öztürk, Feral; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Iraz, Mustafa; Gül, Mehmet; Kuruş, Meltem; Otlu, Ali
    ÖZET: Amaç: Bu çalışma, deneysel tip 1 diyabetin ve fizyopatolojisi taklit edilen tip 2 diyabetin sıçan böbreklerinde oluşturabileceği hasarın histokimyasal ve immunohistokimyasal olarak incelenmesi ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada kullanılan Sprague Dawley cinsi, 15 adet erişkin erkek sıçan; kontrol, streptozotosin (STZ) ve fruktoz gruplarına ayrıldı. STZ grubuna tek doz STZ (45mg/kg) intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı. Fruktoz grubuna 8 hafta boyunca %10 D-fruktoz içeren içme suyu verildi. 8 haftanın sonunda öldürülen sıçanların sol böbrekleri alınarak rutin tespit ve doku takibi sonrasında histokimyasal ve immuhistokimyasal olarak boyanarak ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Bulgular: STZ ve fruktoz gruplarında korteksde histolojik değişiklikler izlendi. Her iki grupta da glomerül kapiller bazal membranında kalınlaşma, mezengial matriksde artış bazı glomerüllerin Bowman kapsülü pariyetal yaprağında kalınlaşma ve nadiren tubül bazal membranında kalınlaşma izlendi. Fruktoz grubunda ayrıca arteriol duvarında kalınlaşma izlendi. Sonuç: Her iki tip deneysel diyabette sıçan böbreklerinde benzer bulgular oluştuğu ve bu bulguların muhtemelen hipergliseminin oluşturduğu direkt ve/veya indirekt etkilere bağlı olarak geliştiği sonucuna varıldı.
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    Deneysel diyabetin sıçan böbreklerinde meydana getirdiği histolojik değişiklikler üzerine melatoninin iyileştirici etkileri
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2005) Vardı, Nigar; Iraz, Mustafa; Öztürk, Feral; Uçar, Muharrem; Gül, Mehmet; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Otlu, Ali
    Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma, streptozotosin (STZ) ile oluşturulan diyabetik rat modelinde, sıçan böbreklerinde oluşan histolojik değişiklikler üzerine melatoninin iyileştirici etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada kullanılan Spraque-Dawley cinsi; 15 adet erişkin dişi sıçan: kontrol, diyabet (D) ve melatonin ile tedavi edilen diyabet (DM) gruplarına ayrıldı. Deneysel diyabet D ve DM gruplarında tek doz STZ'nin (45 mg/kg) intraperitoneal uygulanması ile oluşturuldu. Diyabet oluşturulduktan sonra, DM grubuna 8 hafta her gün 10 mg/kg melatonin i.p. olarak uygulandı. Deneyin sonunda sıçanların kan-glikoz seviyeleri ölçüldü. Örnekler rutin doku takibinden sonra, parafine gömüldü. Histokimyasal ve immunohistokimyasal boyamaların ardından, kesitler ışık mikroskopta incelendi. Bulgular: Diyabet grubundaki sıçanların, kontrol ve DM grubuna göre kan-glikoz düzeyleri önemli derecede yükselirken, vücut ağırlıkları belirgin şekilde azaldı. Diyabete bağlı olarak gelişen temel histolojik değişiklikler glomerul ve tubül bazal membranları ile epitel hücrelerinde gözlendi. Uygulanan melatonin tedavisiyle, bu bulguların önemli ölçüde hafiflediği tesbit edildi. Sonuç: Kronik melatonin uygulaması STZ ile sıçanlarda oluşturulan diyabetin neden olduğu böbrek hasarını azalttı. Bu yüzden melatoninin diyabetik böbrek hasarının gelişimini önleyeceğini veya bulguları hafifleteceğini düşünmekteyiz. Yine de diyabetik komplikasyonlar üzerindeki pozitif etkisini göstermek için uzun süreli kullanımlar ile ilgili daha ileriki çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
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    Deneysel Diyabetin Sıçan Böbreklerinde Meydana Getirdiği Histolojik Değişiklikler+
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2006) Öztürk, Feral; Iraz, Mustafa; Eşrefoğlu, Mukaddes; Kuruş, Meltem; Gül, Mehmet; Otlu, Ali
    This study was designed to detect and evaluate the histochemical and immunohistochemical alterations in rat kidney histology following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and fructose-induced experimental diabetes. Material and Methods: Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley adult rats were divided into three groups as control, STZ and fructose groups. STZ group rats received a single dose of STZ (45mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Fructose group rats were fed by tap water containing 10 % D-fructose for 8 weeks. At the end of eight weeks rats were killed, left kidneys were removed. Following routine tissue process, kidneys were embedded in paraffin. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were applied and the specimens examined by light microscope. Results: In both STZ and fructose groups histological changes were observad in the cortex. Increase of Basal membrane thickness in glomerule capillary, mesangial matrix, thickness in parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and rare tubular basal membrane thickness were detected in both groups. In fructose group arteriol walls also showed increased thickness. Conclusion: We concluded that both STZ and fructose induced experimental diabetes led to similar findings in rat kidneys and these findings probably occur as direct and/or indirect results of hyperglisemia.
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    The effect of resveratrol in tracheal tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Kurus, Meltem; Firat, Yezdan; Cetin, Asli; Kelles, Mehmet; Otlu, Ali
    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the tracheal tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Materials and methods: 40 adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups for an experiment of 6 weeks. Animals in group 1 were controls (n = 10). Rats in group 2 were exposed to cigarette smoke only, and rats in group 3 received daily intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol (10 mg/kg/d). Animals in group 4 were exposed to both cigarette smoke and intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol. Rats of all groups were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The tracheas were removed and embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections of 4-5 mu m thickness were prepared from the blocks. These sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Alcian blue and viewed with a Leica DFC 280 light microscope. Results: Tracheal sections showed that, in group 2 (cigarette smoke group), there was desquamation of epithelial cells into the tracheal lumen, loss of cilia in the epithelial layer, an increase of goblet cells, activation of serous glands at the submucosa, and cell infiltration. In group 4 (cigarette smoke + resveratrol group), all these findings also existed but only a few sections were affected. It was observed that cigarette smoking caused morphological changes such as epithelial degeneration in the upper airway. These morphological changes were correlated with the amount of toxic substances in the cigarette smoke. Conclusion: We found that resveratrol had a preventive role in the histopathological changes caused by cigarette smoking in the rat trachea.
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    An Experimental Study of the Histopathological Effects of Melatonin on Cyclosporin Induced Lung Damage
    (Bilimsel Tip Publishing House, 2008) Kurus, Meltem; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Otlu, Ali
    In recent studies, it has been reported that the widely used immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporine A (CyA), causes tissue damage and that free oxygen radicals play a role in this damage. Melatonin, which is the most important indoleamine released by the pineal gland, is a free radical scavenger and an antioxidant agent. In this study, we aimed to study histopathologically the probable positive effects of Melatonin on CyA induced lung tissue damage. Four groups, each with 8 rats, were used in this study: Group 1; control, Group 2; 4 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) melatonin, Group 3; 10 mg/kg/day subcutaneous (s.c.) CyA and Group 4; 4 mg/kg/day melatonin (i.p.) plus 10 mg/kg/day CyA (s.c.). The study lasted for 28 days for each group. At the end of this period, the rats were killed with lethal anesthesia. Their lungs were removed and embedded in paraffin blocks before being processed for microtome. The preparations were stained with Haematoxylene- Eosin (H-E), and Masson's trichrome dyes. Both control and Melatonin groups appeared normal. In the CyA group, congestion of the parenchyma,perialveolar edema, perivascular and peribronchial infiltration and thickening of interalveolar septum as a result of an increase in connective tissue were observed in the rat lungs. In the CyA plus melatonin group, histopathological findings were significantly milder than those of the CyA group. Furthermore, mild congestion and edema was encountered only in rare areas. It was concluded that CyA dependent damage may be reversible and that this damage may be significantly decreased by melatonin administration.
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    Histological and Biochemical Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Liver during an Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    (Informa Healthcare, 2015) Gul, Mehmet; Kayhan, Basak; Elbe, Hulya; Dogan, Zumrut; Otlu, Ali
    Inflammation in the liver is an extraintestinal manifestation that is frequently seen during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The authors investigated histopathologycal, ultrastructural and antioxidant effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on liver during trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Thirty-two BALB/c mice were divided (n = 8) as follows: control; Dex (dexmedetomidine) (30 mu g/kg) for 6 days; TNBS 150 mu L, TNBS_ethanol (50% w/v) intrarectally; TNBS_Dex. The histopathological and ultrastructural changes were evaluated. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx and SOD) were measured in liver tissue. Induction of colitis induced histopathological and ultrastructural changes of damage in liver. Those changes were markedly reduced in the TNBS_Dex group and that reduction was even significant in comparison to the TNBS group. MDA levels were significantly higher in the TNBS group and dexmedetomidine significantly elevated SOD levels in the TNBS_Dex group. These results suggest that the administration of dexmedetomidine reduces the histopathological and ultrastructural damage and increases the defense capacity against oxidative damage on liver in this IBD mice model.
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    Histological and biochemical effects of dexmedetomidine on liver during an inflammatory bowel isease
    (Ultrastructural Pathology, 2015) Gül, Mehmet; Kayhan, Başak; Elbe, Hülya; Doğan, Zümrüt; Otlu, Ali
    Inflammation in the liver is an extraintestinal manifestation that is frequently seen during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The authors investigated histopathologycal, ultrastructural and antioxidant effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on liver during trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Thirty-two BALB/c mice were divided (n = 8) as follows: control; Dex (dexmedetomidine) (30 mg/kg) for 6 days; TNBS 150 mL, TNBS þ ethanol (50% w/v) intrarectally; TNBS þ Dex. The histopathological and ultrastructural changes were evaluated. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx and SOD) were measured in liver tissue. Induction of colitis induced histopathological and ultrastructural changes of damage in liver. Those changes were markedly reduced in the TNBS þ Dex group and that reduction was even significant in comparison to the TNBS group. MDA levels were significantly higher in the TNBS group and dexmedetomidine significantly elevated SOD levels in the TNBS þ Dex group. These results suggest that the administration of dexmedetomidine reduces the histopathological and ultrastructural damage and increases the defense capacity against oxidative damage on liver in this IBD mice model.
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    Histological changes in the rat thoracic aorta after chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition
    (Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2003) Vardı, Nigar; Fadıllıoğlu, Ersin; Otlu, Ali; Yağmurca, Murat
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the morphological effects of chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition oh the thoracic aorta of Wistar rats. Fifteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 rats (control group, n=5) received tap water, group II rats (n=5) recieved 100 mg/lg L-NAME (madatate NO inhibition) and group III rats (n= 5) received 500 mg/lg L-NAME, in drinking water (severe NO inhibition) for 15 days. At the end of 15 days, the carotid arteries of the rats were cannulated and their blood pressure was measured. The rats were sacrificed and thoracic aorta segments were fixed 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and examined by light microscope. The blood pressure results were expressed as the arithmetic mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by the Kruskal Wallis H test ( p < 0.05). The differences between the groups were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test. Group I showed normal blood pressure and histology. Groups II and III had hypertensive blood pressure and showed vascular wall thickening. Irregular luminal layers of the endothelial cell linings and increased intensity of anti-alpha-SMA labeling were seen in both experimental groups. Our results revealed that chronic NO inhibition led to hypertension and structural changes in the thoracic aorta wall in Wistar rats.
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    The Histopathological Effect of Resveratrol in Thyroid Tissue of Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
    (Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2009) Kurus, Meltem; Sogutlu, Gokhan; Firat, Yezdan; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Yologlu, Saim; Ozturk, Feral; Otlu, Ali
    Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological effect of resveratrol in thyroid tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Material and Methods: Forty adult, male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups for an experiment of 6 weeks duration. Group I was the control group. Rats in group 2 were exposed to cigarette smoke only and rats in group 3 received daily intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol (10 mg/kg/d). Animals in group 4 were exposed to both cigarette smoke and intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol. Rats of all groups were sacrificed; their thyroid glands were removed and were examined histopathologically. Results: While the control group and the resveratrol group had normal thyroid tissue, in the group exposed to cigarette smoke there was a significant decrease in follicles and differentiation of epithelial cells from cubic to flat cells. There was intracytoplasmic vacuolization in some epithelial cells, irregularity in follicular cells decreasing area and cell infiltrations. On the other hand, we observed significant improvement in these histopathological differences in the group that was exposed to both cigarette smoke and resveratrol. Conclusion: Resveratrol has healing effects on the damage of thyroid tissue of rats that are exposed to cigarette smoke at a dose and duration tested in this study.
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    Histopathological ultrastructural and apoptotic changes in diabetic rat placenta
    (Balkan Medical Journal, 2015) Gül, Mehmet; Bostancıeri, Nuray; Çetin, Aslı; Kepekçi, Remziye Aysun; Şimşek, Ömer Yavuz; Kayhan, Başak; Turhan, Uğur; Otlu, Ali
    The exchange of substances between mother and fetus via the placenta plays a vital role during development. A number of developmental disorders in the fetus and placenta are observed during diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes, together with placental apoptosis, can lead to developmental and functional disorders. Aims: Histological, ultrastructural and apoptotic changes were investigated in the placenta of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: In this study, a total of 12 female Wistar Albino rats (control (n=6) and diabetic (n=6)) were used. Rats in the diabetic group, following the administration of a single dose of STZ, showed blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dL after 72 hours. When pregnancy was detected after the rats were bred, two pieces of placenta and the fetuses were collected on the 20th day of pregnancy by cesarean incision under ketamine/ xylazine anesthesia from in four rats from the control and diabetic groups. Placenta tissues were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff-diastase (PAS-D) staining for light microscopic and caspase-3 staining for immunohistochemical investigations were performed for each placenta. Electron microscopy was performed on thin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead nitrate. Results: Weight gain in the placenta and fetuses of diabetic rats and thinning of the decidual layer, thickening of the hemal membrane, apoptotic bodies, congestion in intervillous spaces, increased PAS-D staining in decidual cells and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were observed in the diabetic group. After the ultrastructural examination, the apoptotic appearance of the nuclei of trophoblastic cells, edema and intracytoplasmic vacuolization, glycogen accumulation, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and myelin figures were observed. In addition, capillary basement membrane thickening, capillary endothelial cells chromatin condensation in the nucleus and corrugation of the nucleus were found. Conclusion: Diabetes causes histomorphometric, ultrastructural and apoptotic changes in rat placenta.