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Öğe Bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion; focusing on the high positivity of Alloiococcus otitidis(2002) Kalcioglu M.T.; Oncel S.; Durmaz R.; Otlu B.; Miman M.C.; Ozturan O.The etiology of otitis media with effusion (OME) is unclear. The bacterial analyses of middle ear effusion (MEE) in OME may reveal important information regarding its etiology. Alloiococcus otitidis, Heamophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis were investigated by using microbiologic culture and a multiplex PCR method in the middle ear fluid of 32 children (54 samples) with chronic OME. PCR yielded positive results in 18 (33.3%) middle ear effusions while culture resulted positive for 3 (5.6%). The PCR method detected A. otitidis in 10 (18.5%) specimens, H. influenzae in 7 (13%), M. catarrhalis in 4 (7.4%) and S. pneumoniae in 2 (3.7%) specimens. The multiplex PCR method enhances the detection rate significantly compared to that of the conventional culture method. A. otitidis is the most common detected pathogen in the MEE of the OME.Öğe Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from mentha spicata l. subsp. spicata(2011) Şarer E.; Toprak S.Y.; Otlu B.; Durmaz R.The air-dried aerial parts of M.spicata L. subsp. spicata, which were collected from eastern Turkey, were subjected to hydrodistillation and the essential oil was obtained in a yield of 3.24% (v/w). The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven constituents, accounting for more than 95.3% of the total oil composition, were identified. The main compounds of the essential oil were carvone (48.4%), 1,8-cineole (21.3%), ?-pinene (3.5%), ?-caryophyllene (3.3%) and trans-dihydrocarvone (2.9%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was studied. It was evaluated against six microorganisms using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The oil showed great potential for its antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus. © 2011 Allured Business Media.Öğe Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and antibiotic susceptibilities of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains(2001) Tekereko?lu M.S.; Ayan M.; Otlu B.; Taştekin N.; A?el H.E.; Durmaz B.; Özerol I.H.One hundred Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from various clinical specimens were investigated for the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The ESBL production was detected in 44% of strains isolated from inpatients and 14% of strains isolated from outpatients. The antimicrobial susceptibility rates of the total 100 strains and ESBL positive 58 strains were found to be as follows respectively: Cephalotin and cefuroxime 40% and 0%, cefoxitin 78% and 100%, ceftazidime 48% and 20%, cefotaxime 56% and 20%, ceftriaksone 52% and 18%, gentamicin 66% and 40%, amikacin 70% and 65%, ciprofloxacin 88% and 90%, imipenem 80% and 90%, meropenem 100% and 100%, aztreonam 50% and 30%, amoxicillin-clavulonic acid 28% and 10%, and trimethoprimsulphametoxazole 72% and 40 percent. The results indicated that ciprofloxacin, imipenem and meropenem might be used in the therapy of infections due to K. pneumoniae.Öğe Detection of PER-1 type extended spectrum beta lactamase in the acinetobacter baumannii species isolated from blood cultures and investigation of clonal relationship(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2013) Coşar M.; Tuncer E.I.; Arslan U.; Mansur A.; Otlu B.; Türk Da?i H.; Findik D.Objective: In this study, the presence of PER-1 type extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) was investigated in ceftazidime-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from bloodstream infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the clonal relation of the isolates was investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in all PER-1 producing A. baumannii strains. Material and Methods: The isolates were identified as A. baumannii by conventional methods and Phoenix 100BD automated system (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems, Sparks). Ceftazidime resistance was determined by E test method and PER-1 genes were screened by PCR in ceftazidime resistant strains. Genetic relation of PER producing A. baumannii was investigated with RAPD and PFGE, and the similarity of the bands were calculated according to "dice similarity coefficients". Colistin susceptibility test was studied by E-test, and other antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method according to the standards of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Of the 100 A. baumannii isolates; 78 were determined as ceftazidime-resistant. The PER-1 gene was identified in 18 (23%) isolates of these strains. The clonal relation of the 18 PER-1 positive isolates were investigated by RAPD and PFGE. All PER-1 positive isolates were found to be clonally related. The resistance rates of the A. baumannii strains were found as follows: 67% to amikacin, 71% to imipenem, 85% to ciprofloxacin, 83% to tetracycline, 83% to trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole, 87% to cefepim, 99% to piperacillin-tazobactam and 100% ceftriaxone. Colistin resistance was not determined. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of PER-1 was lower than the previous studies. However, presence of the high ceftazidime resistance rates among these isolates may indicate the presence of other beta-lactamases. Detection of clonally-related isolates with RAPD and PFGE in different clinics may be due to treatment of these patients in the same clinic before, and this may explain the spread of PER-1 positive strains. © 2013 by Türkiye Klinikleri.Öğe The effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate to prevent the environmental transmission of multidrug-resistant acinetobacter Baumanniiin hospital settings(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Duman Y.; Kuzucu C.; Ersoy Y.; Otlu B.Nosocomial infections are a substantial concern as the major cause of morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients' in the world. Disinfection of inanimate environment, equipment and hospital setting is important to prevent nosocomial infections. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate (NaDCC) can be used for disinfection of environment and medical devices. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of NaDCC at various concentrations and times against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter strains. In the first phase of the study, the bactericidal activity of NaDCC to A. baumannii was investigated by quantitative suspension test. In the second phase, the surface activity of NaDCC was tested by surface disinfection application test. In the third phase, before the cleaning of randomly selected patient's room A. baumannii contamination on the inanimate environment objects and equipment was investigated. After the cleaning of the room the effect of NaDCC was tested. As a result of the quantitative suspension test; NaDCC was inhibited the all A. baumannii and ATCC strains. In the surface disinfection application test, it was determined that at the concentration of 1000 ppm and 500 ppm, the activity of NaDCC; at 5th, 30th and 60th minutes was effective to microorganisms at 5 log level, respectively. But at 100 ppm concentration it was effective to at 5th minutes three, at 30th and 60th minutes seven A. baumannii strains at 5 log levels, while it was effective at log 1 level to other A. baumannii strains and S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa ATCC. As a result of investigation the A. baumannii contamination in patient's room; before the cleaning, we determined A. baumannii contamination on the inanimate objects of room (such as bed surface, bed edges, control device, nightstand, chair) and on equipment (such as stethoscope, steam appliance, blood pressure device, aspirator heads, ventilator surfaces). After the cleaning it was determined that at 1000 ppm concentration at 5th, 30th and 60thminutes NaDCC was effective to A. baumannii at 5 log levels. However, at 500 ppm concentration at 5th minute it was effective at log 5 level except control device. At 30th and 60th minutes of 500 ppm concentration of NaDCC was effective at log 5 level to A. baumannii. At 100 ppm concentration at 5th, 30th and 60th minutes it was effective to A. baumannii strains at log 1 level on inanimate objects and equipment. In low concentration, NaDCC efficacy was reduced against A. baumannii. The application concentration and time of the disinfectant to clean up the equipment and the environment is very important for preventing nosocomial infections and the spread of A. baumannii. Thus, it is necessary to check and follow up the staff and to create clean and disinfection training programs for educating staff. © by PSPÖğe Expression of cell proliferation markers in benign, premalignant and malignant lesions and human papillomavirus isolation(2007) Serarslan G.; Atik E.; Otlu B.; Bakariş S.; Durmaz R.Background and Design: This study was designed to investigate the role of proliferation markers in various benign, premalignant and malignant skin lesions and also aimed to detect HPV positivity in these lesions. Material and Method: A total of 62 paraffin blocks [12 seborrheic keratoses (SK), 10 keratoacantoma (KA), 8 actinic keratoses (AK), 22 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 10 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] were included in the study. Specimens were studied immunohistochemically for the expression of Ki-67, p21 and bcl-2. PCR was performed to detect HPV DNA. Results: HPV positivity was detected in two tissues of BCC (HPV type-16). In the lesions, the Ki-67, p21 and bcl-2 expressions were found to be increased respectively: KAÖğe The influence of diabetes mellitus on the peri-implant microflora: A cross-sectional study(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Sabancı A.; Eltas A.; Celik B.; Otlu B.Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions including periodontitis and peri-implantitis and negatively affects dental implant success through various mechanisms. This study aimed to compare clinical and microbiological findings of individuals with dental implants with or without T2DM. Methods: A total of 82 dental implants which were in function >3 years, were involved. The participants were divided into 2 groups; T2DM (n: 45 implants) and systemically healthy controls (n:37 implants). Periodontal indexes (Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), and radiographic bone loss were recorded around implants in function >3 years. Subgingival microbiological samples were also collected from the peri-implant sites. Pathogens include Fusobacterium nucleatum, Camphylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Eikinella corrodens, Prevotella nigrescens were evaluated. Results: Peri-implant heatlh was determined in systemically healthy (54.1%) and type 2 diabetes patients (24.4%). Peri-implantitis was also evident in systemically healthy (8.1%) and T2DM (35.6%) groups. No differences was found in shallow peri-implant pockets in both groups in terms of the prevelance of all evaluated bacteria (p > 0.05). However, C. rectus, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia were isolated more frequently in deep peri-implant pockets in systemically healthy patients compared to T2DM patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Evaluted periodontal pathogens may not be affected by the presence of T2DM in implants. T2DM may not significantly alter the levels of specific periodontal pathogens in shallow and deep peri-implant pockets. C. rectus, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia may be affected by T2DM in implants in deep pockets. © 2022 Craniofacial Research FoundationÖğe Investigation of beta-lactamase genes and clonal relationship among the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing nosocomial escherichia coli isolates(Ankara Microbiology Society, 2015) Görgeç S.; Kuzucu C.; Otlu B.; Yetkin F.; Ersoy Y.Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing microorganisms currently cause a major problem. Among theseCTX-M beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli has also disseminated worldwide as an important cause of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of the beta-lactamase genes, antibiotic susceptibilities and clonal relationships of ESBL-producing nosocomial E.coli isolates. A total of 76 ESBL-producing E.coli strains isolated from urine (n= 26), blood (n= 25) and wound (n= 25) specimens of hospitalized patients identified as nosocomial infection agents according to the CDC criteria between June 2010-]une 2011 were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were detected by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations. ESBL production was tested by double disc diffusion method, and cefotaxime/cefotaxime-clavulanic acid E-test strips (AB Biodisk, Sweden) were used for indeterminate results. Presence of TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA-2 group, 0XA-10 group, PER, VEB and CES beta-lactamase genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Pulsed-field gel elec-trophoresis (PFCE) method was used for the detection of clonal relationships among the strains. Most of the ESBL-producing E.coli strains were isolated from samples of inpatients in intensive care (35%), internal medicine (16%) and general surgery (13%) units. All of the 76 strains were found susceptible to imipenem, meropenem and amikacin; however all were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. The susceptibility rates of the isolates to cefoxitin, ertapenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin-tazo- bactam, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, amoxicillin-davulanic acid, aztreonam and ceftazidime were 96%, 83%, 63%, 61%, 50%, 41%, 25%, 21%, 20% and 18%, respectively. Among E.coli isolates, the frequency of CTX-M, TEM, OXA-2 group, PER, SHV and OXA-10 group beta-lactamase genes were found as 89.5%, 59.2%, 15.8%, 14.5%, 11.8% and 3.9%, respectively, while none of the isolates were positive for VEB and CES beta-lactamase genes. In 1 (1.3%) strain none of the investigated genes were detected. PCR analyses of the isolates revealed that 25 harbored CTX-M and TEM genes together, while 20 harbored only CTX-M and two harbored only TEM genes. Single SHV gene was not detected in any of the isolates. PFCE demonstrated no major clonal relationship between ESBL-producing isolates. This study indicated that CTX-M type enzymes were highly endemic among ESBL-producing nosocomial E.coli strains in our hospital, with the polyclonal spread of ESBL-producing bacteria without any dominant epidemic clone. In conclusion, it was considered that further studies are needed to explain the relationship between epidemic clones and plasmids with the use of plasmid analysis and multilocus sequence typing methods.Öğe Investigation of hydrophobic characteristics of biofilm producer and non-producer staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates(2010) Ay S.; Güldür T.; Tekereko?lu M.S.; Otlu B.The ability of staphylococcus to adhere certain structures and to form biofilm (slime) layer plays an important role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds are important factors that play role in adherence. This study was designed to compare the hydrophobic properties of slime positive and negative Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from blood cultures. Ten methicillin-resistant S.aureus isolates (five of them being slime positive) obtained from blood cultures of patients at intensive care unit of a university hospital, between May 2006 and June 2007, were included in the study. Slime production of the isolates was determined by Christensen's method. Methicillin resistance was determined by cefoxitin disc test and oxacillin salt agar test. It was determined that the test strains did not exhibit any autoaggregation. The adherence of strains to the three different hydrocarbons as solid phases (butyl-sepharose, octyl-sepharose and phenyl-sepharose; Amersham Bioscience, Sweden) were studied by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method. After butyl- and octyl-sepharose chromatography, it was determined that slime negative S.aureus strains were separated into three fractions eluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 40% and 96% ethanol, while slime positive strains were separated into two fractions eluted with 40% and 96% ethanol, respectively. By phenyl-sepharose chromatography analysis; both slime negative and positive strains were separated into two fractions eluted in 40% and 96% ethanol. Hydrophobicity tests were repeated at 4°C and pH 6-9 to evaluate the effect of changing conditions on hydrophobicity. However, no changes were observed at these temperature and pH values. According to these analysis it was concluded that; (a) S.aureus strains consist heterogeneous fractions with distinct hydrophobic binding strengths; (b) hydrophobic surface protein secretion may be different in heterogeneous groups, and (c) slime positive S.aureus strains were more hydrophobic than non-slime producing strains. Further research is required in order to characterise the eluted fractions and to evaluate their pathogenic capacities.Öğe Investigation of the presence of panton-valentine leukocidin,and clonal relationship of community- And hospital-acquired clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus(2013) Duman Y.; Tekereko?lu M.S.; Otlu B.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens that cause community- and hospitalacquired infections by its toxins and enzymes. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a cytotoxin which is especially produced by community-acquired S.aureus strains that cause soft tissue and skin infections and pneumonia. PVL leads to the destruction on polymorphonuclear cells by necrosis or induce apoptosis, so that it has great importance in the virulence of the organism. PVL can also exacerbate the clinical course of S.aureus infections and may lead to severe complications. Studies show that communityacquired PVL-positive S.aureus strains have become prevalent in hospital environments. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of PVL from hospital- and community-acquired S.aureus strains and to determine the clonal relationship between the PVL-positive strains. A total of 265 S.aureus strains isolated from different clinical samples (wound, blood, tracheal aspirate, urine, drainaige, catheter, parasynthesis fluid) of which 88 were community-acquired and 177 were hospital-acquired according to the CDC criteria were included in the study. Methicillin resistance of the strains were investigated by conventional methods, the presence of PVL and mecA gene regions by polymerase chain reaction, and clonal relationship among the PVL positive S.aureus strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFCE). Community-acquired 12.5% (11 /88) and hospital-acquired 43% (76/177) of the strains were found resistant to methicillin. Community-acquired (CA) strains were most commonly isolated from wound samples (86%), while 34% of hospital-acquired (HA) strains were isolated from wound, and 33% were from blood samples. The rate of PVL positivity among CA- and HA-stralns were found as 15% and 3%, respectively. Hospital-acquired PVL-positive strains were isolated from the samples originating from pediatric (n= 1 ) and neurology inpatient clinics and intensive care unit (n= 3). Thirty nine percent of PVL-positive CAS.aureus strains were isolated from samples originated from internal medicine, 23% from general surgery, 15% from dermatology, 15% from orthopedic surgery and 8% from pediatrics outpatient clinics. Ninety two percent of PVL-positive CA-S.aureus strains have been isolated from wound samples, while 67% of HA-S.aureus strains from wound and 33% from blood samples. Five PVL-positive HA- methicillin-sensitive S.aureus strains were found clonally-related with each other by PFGE. When the macrorestriction patterns were evaluated according to Tenover criteria; three of those isolates were indistinguishable, and two were clonally unrelated. There was no clonal relationship between community-acquired strains. In conclusion we observed that PVL could be detected not only in community-acquired strains but also in hospital-acquired strains. The spread of PVL-positive strains in the hospital environment and even create epidemics, increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. Epidemiological studies will help us to understand the clonal spread of CA and HA-S.ooreus strains.Öğe Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens of patients with nosocomial infection: Are there unnoticed silent outbreaks?(2007) Tekerekoglu M.S.; Ay S.; Otlu B.; Çiçek A.; Kayabaş Ü.; Durmaz R.Bacteriological and epidemiological studies were carried out on 90 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at lurgut Özal Medical Center of Inönü University, (Malatya/Turkey). MRSA isolates were obtained from patients with nosocomial infections. Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were collected between May 2004-May 2005. Isolates were tested for resistance to methicillin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and slime production evaluation was performed. Genotype studies were carried out by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) and consequent cluster analysis. All of the isolates were mecA-positive in a PCR-based assay; all exhibited resistance to oxacillin, by agar dilution (MICs ?4mg/L) and disc diffusion methods, and multiple antibiotics. Most MRSA isolates were collected in intensive care units. Of 90 samples, 53 were found to be unrelated to the others while the remaining 37 strains were either identical or closely related. Dendrogram analysis identified nine major clusters. These data support the opinion that MRSA are significant nosocomial pathogens in intensive care units and that resistant clones may be transmitted between patients. Molecular epidemiological tools are helpful for understanding transmission patterns and sources of infection, and are useful for measuring outcomes of intervention strategies implemented to reduce nosocomial MRSA.Öğe Two possible cases of Trichosporon infections in bone-marrow-transplanted children: The first case of T. japonicum isolated from clinical specimens(2008) A?irbaşli H.; Bilgen H.; Özcan S.K.; Otlu B.; Sinik G.; Çerikçio?lu N.; Durmaz R.Trichosporon spp. are emerging as opportunistic agents that cause systemic diseases in immuno-compromised hosts. Trichosporonosis carries a poor prognosis in neutropenic patients. Trichosporon japonicum was isolated from the air and named by Sugita et al. Here we present the first case of T.japonicum isolated from a clinical specimen. Two cases of acute myeloid leukemia who had Trichosporon isolates are discussed because of their rarity and growing importance. T. asahii was isolated from the throat, feces and urine of the first patient. T.japonicum was isolated from the sputum of the second patient. Both cases produced high MICs to itraconazole, and low IMCs to fluconazole and voriconazole. In virulance factor investigations there was (++) biofilm formation in T.japonicum but not in T. asahii. Conventional mycological studies were not adequate for the identification of the isolate at the species level. In our second case as in the first one, the isolate was identified as T. asahii with 99.9% accuracy by API 20C AUX Although two T. asahii isolates from the same patient yielded identical typing profiles by arbitrary primed-MR, the isolates of the two different patients showed different arbitrary primed-PCR typing profiles. However, the genetic identification of the other patient's strain gave the result of T.japonicum.Öğe Use of transcription-based amplification and enzyme immunoassay methods to investigate possible Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women with genital complaints(2002) Bulut Y.; Durmaz B.; Durmaz R.; Otlu B.This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the female patients with genital complaints, and to compare the transcription mediated amplification assay and enzyme immunoassay methods for the diagnosis of genital C. trachomatis infections. C. trachomatis (Ct) antigens and ribosomal RNAs were researched by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay, respectively in the endocervical swab samples of 90 patients. C. trachomatis IgG and IgM antibodies were also screened in the sera of these subjects, by EIA method. Of 90 patients, 18 (20%) were found to be positive for Ct-rRNA, 12 (13%) for Ct-antigen, 20 (22%) for IgG, 12 (13%) for IgM and 14 (16%) for both IgG and IgM. Among the patients 11 (12%) were found positive for Ct-antigen, Ct-rRNA and Ct-IgM antibodies. According to the TMA results, the sensitivity and specificity of EIA-Ct antigen method were estimated as 67% and 100%, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between TMA positivity and those of two EIA methods. In conclusion, the positive results obtained with EIA are reliable for the diagnosis of genital C. trachomatis infections, however the negative results should be confirmed by TMA.Öğe XPD and XRCC1 gene polymorphism in patients with normal and abnormal cervical cytology by pap smear.(2012) Yilmaz E.; Celik O.; Celik E.; Turkcuoglu I.; Simsek Y.; Karaer A.; Otlu B.The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of abnormalities in DNA repair pathways by measuring the XPD and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms. Thirty-five patients with abnormal cervical cytology (study group) and 10 women with normal cytology (control group) were included in the study. The polymorphisms of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln genes were investigated from the blood samples. There was no statistically significant difference in allele frequencies of XPD gene among the groups (p = 0.097), while XRCC1R399Q gene polymorphism was strikingly more frequent in the study group than that of control cases (p = 0.029). The prevalence of XRCC1R194W gene polymorphism on the other hand, was similar between the groups (p = 0.579). Patients with abnormal and normal cervical cytology have similar XPD gene polymorphism. However, the frequency of gene polymorphism in XRCC1 Arg 399 Gln codon was significantly higher in abnormal cervical cytology group.
