Effects of Optimizing Droplet Distribution at Particular Heights and Speeds Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control Algorithm in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Systems: A Review

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dc.contributor.authorInan, Mevlut
dc.contributor.authorKarci, Ali
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:32:59Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:32:59Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in agriculture to increase productivity, optimize resources, and ensure environmental sustainability. This study investigates the droplet distribution of UAVs in agricultural spraying and examines the effects of flight altitude and speed parameters. Experiments conducted on various plant species and tree structures demonstrate that these parameters play a crucial role in ensuring uniform droplet deposition and reducing pesticide use. Concrete recommendations are given to optimize UAV systems in agricultural spraying applications. The paper focuses specifically on the role of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm in improving spray parameters. It evaluates the effects of flight speed and altitude on droplet density and uniformity. A systematic literature review and analysis of experimental data support the methodology presented. The results demonstrate that the PID algorithm outperforms uncontrolled systems. This review synthesizes the existing literature to highlight the effectiveness of UAV-based spraying systems in terms of agricultural sustainability and opportunities for future research.
dc.identifier.doi10.15832/ankutbd.1611010
dc.identifier.endpage639
dc.identifier.issn1300-7580
dc.identifier.issn2148-9297
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105012721615
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage612
dc.identifier.trdizinid1354698
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1611010
dc.identifier.urihttps://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1354698
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108848
dc.identifier.volume31
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001544840000002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizin
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAnkara Univ, Fac Agriculture
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Agricultural Sciences-Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectPID controller
dc.subjectUnmanned aerial vehicle
dc.subjectControl algorithm
dc.subjectDroplet distribution
dc.subjectAgricultural sustainability
dc.subjectOptimization
dc.titleEffects of Optimizing Droplet Distribution at Particular Heights and Speeds Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control Algorithm in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Systems: A Review
dc.typeReview

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