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Öğe Argümantasyon Yönteminin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerileri Üzerine Etkisi: Meta-Analiz Çalışması(2022) Polat, Hüseyin; Emre, Fatma BilgeBu araştırmada amaç, argümantasyon yönteminin eleştirel düşünme becerisi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu araştırmanın modeli meta-analizdir. Araştırmada 2012-2022 yılları arasında argümantasyon yönteminin eleştirel düşünme becerileri üzerine etkisinin incelendiği 140 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmalar içinde dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 19 çalışma araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada, farklı çalışmaların sonuçlarının birleştirilmesi işlemi için rastgele etkiler modeli (random effects model) kullanılmış ve bu modele göre orta büyüklüğe sahip ortalama etki büyüklüğü hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil edilen çalışmaların kategorik değişkenlerinin etki büyüklükleri hesaplanmış ve aralarında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Çalışmalar arasında yüksek düzeyde heterojenlik olduğu görülmüştür. Meta-regresyon analizi sonucunda çalışmalar arasındaki heterojenliğin kaynağının öğretim kademesi, çalışma deseni ve çalışma süresinin birlikte ele alındığı model olduğu görülmüştür. Bu araştıramaya dahil edilen çalışmalar arasında yayın yanlılığının bulunmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ANATASE TiO2 NANOPARTICLES ON MAIZE CULTIVAR BY USING RAPD ANALYSIS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Mutlu, Fatma; Yurekli, Fusun; Mutlu, Birol; Emre, Fatma Bilge; Okusluk, Funda; Ozgul, OnurIn this study, early phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of chemically synthesized nano-TiO2 (anatase) were investigated in seedlings of maize (Zea mays cv. Hido). Control (Hoagland) and NaCl (300 mM) groups were administered with nano-TiO2 (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%). Seed germination and seedling growth parameters of maize cultivar were markedly inhibited by salt stress. Nano-TiO2, without depending on concentration, was found to be ineffective on germination percentage in all administrations. On the contrary, nano-TiO2 caused significant increases in root-stem length and fresh-dry weights especially in NaCl+nano-TiO2 administrations. In salt administered samples, 0.3% nano-TiO2 increased root length 1.4 fold, stem length 4.8 fold, and fresh weight 1.2 fold. Genotoxic properties of nano-TiO2 in seedlings of maize were evaluated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). In RAPD analysis, 20 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band profiles at different concentrations of nano-TiO2 maize seedlings. Genomic template stability (GTS), a qualitative measurement of changes in RAPD patterns of genomic DNA, decreased depending on increasing nano-TiO2, NaCl, and NaCl+nano-TiO2 concentrations. Therefore, it could be concluded that nano-TiO2 of appropriate dose can be used to ameliorate negative effects of salt stress by increasing growth potential of maize.Öğe A benzimidazole-based conducting polymer and a PMMA-clay nanocomposite containing biosensor platform for glucose sensing(Elsevier Science Sa, 2015) Emre, Fatma Bilge; Kesik, Melis; Kanik, Fulya Ekiz; Akpinar, Hava Zekiye; Aslan-Gurel, Evren; Rossi, Rene M.; Toppare, LeventDevelopment of materials composed of polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCN) and conducting polymers attracts great interest and preferred in various applications. Hereby, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ suspension polymerization by grafting PMMA with laponite using a suitable grafting agent. The properties of the as-synthesized PCN materials are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). A conducting polymer; poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-y1)-7-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-7-y1)-2-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) (poly(BIPE)) and a PMMA-clay nanocomposite with 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MTMA) modifier were examined as a platform for biomolecule deposition. Glucose oxidase (GOx, beta-D-glucose: oxygen-1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) was chosen as the model enzyme to prepare a scaffold for glucose sensing. Three different sensing strategies; PCN/GOx, poly(BIPE)/GOx and PCN/poly(BIPE)/GOx were analyzed and their biosensor performances were discussed. Surface morphology of the modified electrodes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Electrochemical responses of the enzyme electrodes were monitored at -0.7 V vs. Ag reference electrode by monitoring oxygen consumption in the presence of glucose. After optimum conditions were determined, kinetic and analytical parameters; K-M(aPP), I-max, LOD and sensitivity were investigated for each sensing platform. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Characterization and photocatalytic properties of TiO2/chitosan nanocomposites synthesized by hydrothermal process(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2016) Sayilkan, Funda; Emre, Fatma BilgeNanocomposites of TiO2/chitosan (nTC) were synthesized by hydrothermal process at 200 degrees C. Photo-catalytic activity of the nanocomposites was studied with degradation of malachite green (MG) in aqueous medium. Structural and physico-chemical properties of the obtained nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, FTIR, and particle size analyzer. Complete photodegradation of MG was successfully achieved with the aid of the nanocomposites. The optimum photocatalytic degradation conditions, irradiation time, irradiation power, and amount of catalyst were studied. Photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites in terms of degradation of MG was compared with that of undoped TiO2 (synthesized by our team) and chitosan under normal conditions. It was concluded that the synthesized nanocomposites had better photocatalytic activity. The best result (100% degradation) was obtained with amount of nTC of 0.25 g and irradiation time of 120 min.Öğe Characterization and photocatalytic properties of TiO2/chitosan nanocompositessynthesized by hydrothermal process(Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 2016) Sayılkan, Funda; Emre, Fatma BilgeÖz: Başlık (İngilizce): Öz (İngilizce): Nanocomposites of TiO2/chitosan (nTC) were synthesized by hydrothermal process at 200◦C. Photo-catalytic activity of the nanocomposites was studied with degradation of malachite green (MG) in aqueous medium.Structural and physico-chemical properties of the obtained nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET,FTIR, and particle size analyzer. Complete photodegradation of MG was successfully achieved with the aid of thenanocomposites. The optimum photocatalytic degradation conditions, irradiation time, irradiation power, and amountof catalyst were studied. Photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites in terms of degradation of MGwas compared with that of undoped TiO2(synthesized by our team) and chitosan under normal conditions. It wasconcluded that the synthesized nanocomposites had better photocatalytic activity. The best result (100% degradation)was obtained with amount of nTC of 0.25 g and irradiation time of 120 min.Öğe Çift katmanlı polimerik materyallerin sentezi , karakterizasyonu ve özelliklerinin incelenmesi(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2001) Emre, Fatma BilgeBu çalışmada, poli(o-/oludin)- poli(/»-fenilendiamin) ve poli(o-foludin)- poli (o-fenilendiamin) polimer elektrotları; sabit potansiyelde çalışma elektrodu olarak platin kullanılmak suretiyle elektrokimyasal polimerizasyon yöntemiyle hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan çift katmanlı her iki polimer elektrotların askorbik asit, okzalik asit ve H2O2 gibi elektroaktif türlere karşı seçimli geçirgenlik karakteristiklerini etkileyen faktörler sistematik bir yaklaşımla optimize edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlardan her iki polimer elektrodun askorbik asit ve okzalik asit 'i geçirmediği, ancak H2O2 için ise düzenli yanıtlar verdikleri görülmüştür. Özellikle, poli(o-toludin) çalışma elektrodu kullanılarak yapılan enzim immobilizasyonu sonucunda hazırlanan poli (o-toludin)-poli (o-fenilendiamin)-GOx enzim elektrodunun beklendiği gibi askorbik asit ve okzalik asite yanıt vermediği, glukoza ise düzenli yanıtlar verdiği bulunmuştur. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: poli(o-toludin), poli(o-fenilendiamin), poli(m-fenilendiamin) çift katmanlı polimerik membran, enzim elektrot, amperonjetrilr^.^ biyosensör. /'. " - : \ t! r? i: ? : ((Öğe Comparison of ZnO doped different phases TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio)(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Sezer, Selda; Yucel, Aysegul; Turhan, Duygu Ozhan; Emre, Fatma Bilge; Sarikaya, MusaTitanium dioxide is used in many commercial and industrial areas such as paint, paper, cosmetics, textiles, and surface coating. The reasons for its use in such a wide area are its anti-corrosion and high stability. Although TiO2 is considered to be a low-toxicity material, research has been further expanded following the recognition of the possible carcinogenic effects of TiO2 in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The aim of this study is to compare the toxicity of TiO2 used in many fields in different phases. In the study anatase TiO2 synthesized by hydrothermal method and dual phase TiO2 (anatase and rutile phase) structures obtained by thermal conditioning were used and compared with commercially available TiO2. ZnO which has similar uses like TiO2 was also used and compared with 1% doped TiO2 in different phases in terms of toxicity. Zebrafish (Danio rerio, D. rerio), a freshwater fish, which is widely used in toxicity assessments was preferred in this study due to its small size, fast reproduction rate, low cost, physiological and molecular similarity with humans, and genetic predisposition. Experimental investigations showed that the highest death occurred in the low concen-trations of (10 ppm) ZnO doped rutile phase. 39% of the embryos died in the ZnO nanoparticle solutions pre-pared at low concentrations. The highest mortality at medium (100 ppm) and high (1000 ppm) concentrations were observed in the ZnO-doped rutile phase after 96 h. Similarly, the highest malformation was detected in the ZnO-doped rutile phase during the same period.Öğe Conducting polymers with benzothiadiazole and benzoselenadiazole units for biosensor applications(Elsevier Science Sa, 2011) Emre, Fatma Bilge; Ekiz, Fulya; Balan, Abidin; Emre, Sinan; Timur, Suna; Toppare, LeventPoly(4,7-di(2,3)-dihydrothienol[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole) (PBDT) and poly(4,7-di(2,3)-dihydrothienol[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole) (PESeE) were electrochemically deposited on graphite electrodes and used as immobilization matrices for biosensing studies. After electrochemical deposition of the polymeric matrices, glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the modified electrodes as the model enzyme. In the biosensing studies, the decrease in oxygen level as a result of enzymatic reaction was monitored at -0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl (3.0 M KCl) and correlated with substrate concentration. The biosensor was characterized in terms of several parameters such as operational and storage stabilities, kinetic parameters (K-m and I-max) and surface morphologies. The biosensor was tested on real human blood serum samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of learning approaches of pre-service science teachers on the argument create skills(E D P Sciences, 2017) Aydogan, Nilay; Polat, Huseyin; Cankaya, Ozlem; Emre, Fatma BilgeThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between science teacher candidates' ability to construct an argument and learning approaches. For this purpose, the Learning Approach Scale was applied to Inonu University Educational Faculty Science teachers 'first made students', and the results were compared with the arguments which were created by the same students. The findings shows that there is a significant relationship between their argument create skills and learning approaches.Öğe Effect of nanosized TiO2 particles on the development of Xenopus laevis embryos(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY,, 2014) Birhanli, Ayse; Emre, Fatma Bilge; Sayilkan, Funda; Gungordu, AbbasThis paper reports the toxic properties of nano-TiO2 on 2 different early life stages of Xenopus laevis. Synthesis of nano-TiO2 particles was carried out by the hydrothermal method. Characterization of nanoparticles was performed using spectral techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and a particle-size analyzer. Embryos at the 8th stage and tadpoles at the 46th stage were exposed to 7 concentrations of nano-TiO2 in the range of 5 to 320 ppm. After 96 h of exposure, the mortality percentage of each exposure concentration was calculated and the activity of enzyme biomarkers acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were determined in living embryos and tadpoles. None of the tested concentrations of TiO2 caused statistically significant mortality or malformation (only for the embryo test) as compared to the control groups. Furthermore, we did not observe any significant changes in enzyme activities in tadpole samples from the 46th stage, although some minor changes not related to the concentrations were observed in embryos.Öğe The effect of the argumentation method on student success(E D P Sciences, 2016) Polat, Huseyin; Emre, Fatma Bilge; Aydogan, NilayThe objective of this study is to research into the effect of the argumentation method of study on the success of 7th grade primary school students in regard to the atomic structure. This study was conducted in a primary school located in the District of Doganyol, the City of Malatya during 2nd term of 2013-2014 school years. The sampling of this study consists of 25 students in total, 12 of whom are male and 13 of whom are female. This is a quasi-experimental study in which a pre-test and a post-test were performed. In the data analysis, the T-test was performed for the unrelated samples. According to the data obtained as the result of the test/experiment, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group.Öğe FAST AND PRECISE CoFe3O4/TiO2/MWCNT-BASED VOLTAMMETRIC SENSOR PREPARATION FOR SALBUTAMOL DETERMINATION(Editura Acad Romane, 2023) Emre, Fatma BilgeSalbutamol is an important drug that opens the medium and large air spaces in the lungs. In this study, CoFe3O4, CoFe3O4/MWCNT, and CoFe3O4/TiO2/MWCNT modified electrode structures are prepared separately to determine the effect of each modification agent on salbutamol responses. The prepared electrodes are firstly structurally characterized by the FT-IR technique. The surface morphology and structure of electrodes are then analyzed by SEM, and AFM techniques. EDX analyses were performed to clarify this structural change on the electrode surface. The salbutamol activity of the modified electrodes is determined by DPV in 0.1 M PBS. The modified electrode shows a linear response in the concentration range of 2-18 mu M salbutamol, and an R2 value of 0.9587 is achieved. LOD and LOQ of the modified electrode are determined as 1.39 mu M and 22.87 mu M, respectively. Considering the reproducibility of the experimental results, non-interference of the interfering species, and the measurement range, it is determined that it can be successfully used to figure out the concentration of salbutamol in physiological fluids and commercial form.Öğe Functionalization of poly-SNS-anchored carboxylic acid with Lys and PAMAM: surface modifications for biomolecule immobilization/stabilization and bio-sensing applications(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2012) Demirci, Sema; Emre, Fatma Bilge; Ekiz, Fulya; Oguzkaya, Funda; Timur, Suna; Tanyeli, Cihangir; Toppare, LeventPoly(2-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) (SNS) acetic acid) was electrochemically deposited on graphite electrodes and functionalized with lysine (Lys) amino acid and poly(amidoamine) derivatives (PAMAM G2 and PAMAM G4) to investigate their matrix properties for biosensor applications. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized onto the modified surface as the model enzyme. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to report the surface properties of the matrices in each step of the biosensor construction. The biosensors were characterized in terms of their operational and storage stabilities and the kinetic parameters (K-m(app) and I-max). Three new glucose biosensors revealed good stability, featuring low detection limits (19.0 mu M, 3.47 mu M and 2.93 mu M for lysine-, PAMAM G2- and PAMAM G4-functionalized electrodes, respectively) and prolonged the shelf lives (4, 5, and 6 weeks for Lys-, PAMAM G2- and PAMAM G4-modified electrodes, respectively). The proposed biosensors were tested for glucose detection on real human blood serum samples.Öğe Implications of FAD Electrode Reaction Kinetics for Electrocatalysis of NADH Oxidation and Development of NAD-Dependent Enzyme Electrodes(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2014) Emre, Fatma Bilge; Lopes, Paula; Ferapontova, Elena E.FAD entrapped into the polyethyleneimine (PEI) matrix underwent 2e(-)/2H(+) redox transformation, in contrast to the 1e(-)/1H(+) reaction observed with non-stabilized FAD-modified electrodes. Under conditions of the 2e(-)/2H(+) reaction, FAD/PEI-modified electrodes catalytically oxidized NADH starting from -100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. These electrodes may be used for construction of NAD-dependent dehydrogenase electrodes for clinically important analytes such as glucose when coupled to the model enzyme glucose dehydrogenase. Latter allows detection of glucose starting from -100 mV within 0.05-5 mM concentration range. These results suggest the FAD stabilization by different matrices as a simple and promising approach to achieve its 2e(-)/2H(+) redox chemistry resulting in catalysis of NADH oxidation.Öğe Investigation of Physicochemical Properties and Specific Heat Capacity of TiO2 Doped- Polydimethylsiloxane Composites(Eurasia Acad Publ Group (Eapg), 2022) Emre, Fatma BilgeIn this study, a series TiO2-doped polydimethylsiloxane composite (PDMS-TiO2) were synthesized at constant amount of PDMS and different amount of TiO2 particles. For this purpose, TiO2 structures were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Morphology and chemical structure of the obtained TiO2 particles were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. Prepared particles were directly dispersed in PDMS wax with melted. The obtained composite structures were examined structurally by SEM, FTIR, and XRD spectroscopy techniques. The intense peaks at 13 and 16.5 visible in the XRD spectrum confirm the desired composite structure. For the pure PDMS structure, 0,523 and 1,740 KeV was observed for O-2 and Si in the EDX spectrum. Peaks at 0.452 (K) and 4.510 KeV (K) were observed for the composite structures. Then, the thermal properties of the composite structures obtained were investigated by DSC analysis. The study of the specific heat capacity of obtained products is attained by using a DSC. Depending on the amount of doped TiO2 particles, the specific heat capacity value increased significantly in PDMS-TiO2 composite structures. Specific heat capacity study of TiO2- polydimethylsiloxane composites is original and opened a new area about PDMS.Öğe Kolesterol biyosensörü tasarımında bazı polimerik materyallerin enzim immobilizasyon ortamı olarak kullanım(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2007) Emre, Fatma BilgeKan kolesterol derişimi; kardiyovasküler rahatsızlıklar, hipertansiyon ve arterosiklerozis gibi birçok klinik hastalığın teşhisi ve tedavisinde önemli bir parametredir. Kolesterol tayini için, kimyasal ve enzimatik metotlar kullanılmaktadır. Amperometri esaslı enzimatik metotta, kolesterol ile kolesterol oksidaz arasındaki enzimatik tepkimenin bir sonucu olarak oluşan hidrojen peroksit ölçülür. Bu çalışmada, kolesterol oksidaz elektrokimyasal ya da kimyasal metotlarla hazırlanan, poliindolin, poli(o- toluidin), poli(m- toluidin), poli(o- fenilendiamin), poli(pfenilendiamin), poli(4-asetamidofenol), poli(4-metoksifenol), poli(1,3,5- tri(aminofenil)hegzahidro-1,3,5-triazinpiromellitimit), poli(2,4,6-triaminopirimidin bifeniltetrakarboksiimid) ve poli(2,4,6-triaminopirimidinbenzofenondiimid) gibi farklı polimerik materyallerde immobilize edilmiştir. Dahası, enzim immobilizasyonunu etkileyen bazı parametreler incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, anılan polimerlerin çoğunun kolesterol oksidaz için immobilizasyon ortamı olarak kullanılabileceği gösterilmiştir.Öğe Misconceptions about the particulate structure of science teacher candidates(E D P Sciences, 2017) Polat, Huseyin; Emre, Fatma BilgeThe aim of this study is to determine preservice science teachers' misconceptions related particulate nature of matter. For this purpose misconceptions evaluation tool about particulate nature of matter was prepared 118 preservice science teachers who 48 of them first grade and 70 of them fourth grade was applied. The findings show that preservice science teachers' misconceptions about the atomic structure is more than the other concepts. Misconception related to the concept of element is minimum. Also there is no significant differences between the first and fourth grade in the misconceptions measurement tool about particulate nature of matter.Öğe MXene-based nanomaterials for supercapacitor applications: New pathways for the future(Eurasia Acad Publ Group (Eapg), 2022) Emre, Fatma BilgeMXenes have captivated investigators in methodical and technical areas towards different implementations, such as energy storage appliances, supercapacitors (SCs) and elastic batteries. The utilization of pristine MXenes and their nanomaterial in multiple types of SCs is cumulative due to their outstanding automatic, physicochemical, optical, electric, and electrochemical effects. Due to their exceptional electric performance, better mechanical strength, different practical clusters, and ample interlayer space, MXene-based nanomaterials (NMs) have demonstrated binding energy-storage capacity. In this review article, we have shown the timelines and progress in the synthesis methods over time and applications of MXene-based nanomaterials (NMs) in supercapacitors (SC). Lastly, we have concluded the theme with the future outlook in this field.Öğe Preparation and Characterization of Nano TiO2-Hydroquinone-Doped Al Composites and Investigation of Theirs Wear Properties(Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2023) Emre, Fatma Bilge; Koytepe, Sueleyman; Bahce, ErkanIn this study, the preparation of nanoporous-TiO2-doped Al composites with improved mechanical properties and wear resistance was carried out. For this purpose, nanosized TiO2 structures were first synthesized using the hydrothermal synthesis method. The size distribution, morphology, and chemical structure of the obtained TiO2 particles were investigated by particle size analyzer, SEM, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy techniques. At the same time, TiO2 structures containing hydroquinone (Hq) at different rates (5, 10, and 15%) were prepared in order to ensure homogeneous TiO2 distribution during the formation of Al matrix composites and to prevent oxidation that may occur during composite casting. TiO2-Al composite structures were obtained by doping the synthesized pure TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanoparticles containing hydroquinone in different ratios to the Al matrix structure. The obtained composite structures were examined structurally by FTIR and XRD spectroscopy techniques. Then, the thermal properties of the composite structures obtained were examined by TGA analysis. Morphological properties, microstructure, and surface elemental distribution of the composite structure were investigated by SEM and EDX techniques. The abrasion properties of the obtained TiO2 added Al composite structures were investigated using SiC papers (200-400-600 and 800-1200 mesh). As a result, it was observed that the doped TiO2 nanoparticles reduced surface deformation during abrasion.Öğe PREPARATION OF VOLTAMMETRIC SENSORS FOR TAURINE DETECTION FROM Cu(II)-LOADED CARBON MATERIALS(Chem Soc Ethiopia, 2023) Emre, Fatma BilgeIn this study, for the detection of taurine in philological fluids, modified electrodes were prepared from glassy carbon electrodes with MWCNT (multi-wall carbon nanotube) + Cu(NO3)2 + carbon-based material. A carbon-based material was obtained by carbonization of Pinus sylvestris branch needles (CPS). Cu(NO3)2 and MWCNT structure (Cu(NO3)2/MWCNT) were added to the carbon-based material and the obtained mixture was used in the modification of the glassy carbon electrode surface. The surface morphology and structure of the prepared electrodes were characterized by electron microscopy scanning (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Taurine detection with a modified electrode was made by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M KCl (vs. Ag/AgCl). The calibration curve of the modified electrode for taurine in the 10-150 mu M range showed a linear response, and R2 value was 0.976. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the modified electrode were found 19 mu M and 9.75 mu M, respectively. The application of the electrode as a chemical sensor was carried out with commercially available energy drink samples. Satisfactory results have been obtained from the samples. The sensor can be used for routine taurine analysis. This electrode can quickly determine the amount of taurine in real samples with 90% accuracy in two minutes.
